1. TEACHER NAME : MUHAMMAD USMAN PRESENTATION BY : AMNA AMIN

2. HELLO FRNDS ! I’M AMNA AMIN & My TOPIC Is IP Addresses HELLO FRNDS ! I’M AMNA AMIN & My TOPIC Is IP Addresses

3. WHAT IS IP Address?  A unique identifier for a computer or device on the internet is called IP address.  For a communication purposes every device have IP addresses.  Every device on the internet has IP address.  IP addresses consists of two parts network addresses and host addresses.  There are two types of IP Address IPv4 And IPv6

4. IPv4 IPv4 is 32 bit address. 2^32 round about more than 4 million. It has 5 classes. It provides Unicast, Multicast & Broadcast

5. Classes Ranges of IPV4

6. Class A First bit 0; next 7 network bits; and next 24 host bits 0nnnnnnn hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Intial byte 0-127 Allows 126 (0 and 127 are reserved)networks and approximately 17 million hosts per network

7. Class B First two bits 1&0 ; next 14 network bits ; and next 16host bits. 10nnnnnn nnnnnnnn hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh initial byte 128-191 Allows 16,384 networks and 65,000 hosts per network Disgned for Midsize organization.

8. Class C First three bits 110; next 21 network bits and next 8 host bits 110nnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn hhhhhhhh Initial byte 192-223 Allows 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per network

9. Class D First four bits are 1110 1110mmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm Next 28 bits are for multicast address Initial byte 224-247

10. Class E First four bits are 1111 Next 28 bits are reserved for experimental use and research. Initial byte 248-255

11. Class D and Class E addresses are not available for public devices they are reseved. They should no be used by ordinary nodes on the internet

12. IP addressess Shortage Due to shortage of IP addresses. The solution are :- 1. Subnetting 2. NAT 3. Classless Addressing

13. Subnetting A subnetwork or subnet is a logically subdivision of an IP network OR The method of dividing a network into two or more networks is called networking is called subnetting. Subnetting is temporary Solution.

14. Benefits Greater number of networks. Simplifies networking. Better security. Smaller collision and broadcast domains. Each administrative control of each network.

15. Classless IP ADDRESSES No classes division Nothing is fixed here both networks and hosts are variables

16. Why IPV6? Ipv4 Served human beings for decades At the times of its birth, internet was limited only to a few universities for their research and to department of defense With the passage of time internet widely spread and every device on internet needs IP ADDRESS.

17. IPV6 Ipv6 is 128 bit address. Divided into eight 16-bits blocks. Hexadecimal-uses both numbers and Alphabets. Most recent version of ipv4 2^128 Internet addresses — 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000 of them to be exact.

18. 64 bits for network & 64 bits for host. Most recent version of IPv4 Four times greater than IPv4 That has a lot of addresses, so many that it requires a hexadecimal system to display the addresses..

19. There are more than enough IPv6 addresses to keep the Internet operational for a very long time. True quality of service Simplified more efficient routing

20. Types of addresses Unicast Multicast Anycast

21. Unicast Global address public addresses same in ip V4 start from 2 and 3 assigned by IANA Unicast local Addresses Private ip addresses same in ipv4 Link local addresses Auto genertor address

22. Multicast One to many delivery to all interfernce in the set

23. Unicast vs Multicast

24. Anycast A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to the nearest interface (node) having this address

25. Anycast

26. IPV4 VS IPV6 IPV4 IPV6 32 bits Binary number repersented as decimal Fragmentation is done by sender and forwarding routers 128 bits binar represented as hexadecimals Fragmentation is only done by sender

27. IPV4 VS IPV6 ipv4 ipv6 No packet flow identification Checksum field is available in ipv4 header. Broadcast messages are avaiable Ipsec support is only optional Flow identification is available No checksum field in ipv6 header Broadcast messages are not available Inbuilts Ipsec support