1. EVOLUTION OF THE HIGH HEEL EVOLUTION OF THE HIGH HEEL FROM PERSIAN MEN, TO FRENCH KINGS, TO DESIGNER RUNWAYS

2. MEN FIRST TO WEAR HEELS. WHAT??? According to Elizabeth Semmelhack. With the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, Persian men wore high heels back in the 16th century for functionality. Better grip on the stirrups on a horse Enabled them to shoot bows and arrows while standing on the horse. Shoes may be seen at the Beta Shoe museum. Photo found on: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21151350 http://www.ryersonfashion.ca/research/elizabeth-semmelhack 1599

3. KING LOUIE XIV OF FRANCE King Louis XIV made red high heels all the rage. He banned anyone from outside his court to wear red heeled shoes for this showed high status and was unfit for anyone outside his court. (Nicholson, 1994, King Louis XIV was very short and liked how the shoes made his calves look. 1701

4. VENETIAN CHOPINES Aristocrats wore Chopines (shoe covers) to protect their dainty shoes from the filthy European streets (ROMPALSKE, 2003). The taller the heel the higher status the individual was thought to have. (ROMPALSKE, 2003) Some Chopines were as tall as 18”(Nicholson, 1994) Women needed two servants just to help them walk around the city (Nicholson, 1994). Venetian-made CHOPINES, 15th - 16th century, Museo Correr, Venice. picture by Nina Möller Displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Date: ca. 1600 Culture: Italian Medium: leather, silk, wood Credit Line: Purchase, Irene Lewisohn Bequest, 1973 Accession Number: 1973.114.4a, b Description 15 th -17 th Century

5. NEOCLASSICISM 1790S- 1800S The height of heels drastically decreased and eventually completely died down moving to flats by the 1800s. (Hennessey, 2012 pg. 169). Shoe material: Painted leather or brocaded silk (pg. 169 ) Shoes were pointy slip on sandal like shoes. (pg. 169) Hennessey 2012, pg. 169

6. WOMEN'S SHOES OF THE 1930’S-1950’S Shoes during the 1930’s were full of embellishment and ornate detailing. During WWII shoes drastically changed from extremely ornate to using less leather and fabric due to the need towards the war effort. (Nicholson 1994) Higher, slimmer heels, with cutouts became all the rage (Smithsonian 2014). Post WWII peep toe shoes came into fashion(Smithsonian 2014). 1955 1935-1940 1940

7. SOME OF TODAY’S MODERN HIGH HEELS Made by a 3-D printer right in the store Some have more of a avant-gaurde look. Not meant to be wearable https://www.geeksaresexy.net/2015/06/2 5/polypodis-when-high-heeled-shoes- meet-tentacles/ Designer Kermit Tessoroo

8. SOME INTERESTING VIDEOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp3orG70w5o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTShDK_vdi0&t=103s

9. REFERENCES Elizabebeth Semmelhack. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2016, from http://www.ryersonfashion.ca/research/elizabeth-semmelhack http://www.ryersonfashion.ca/research/elizabeth-semmelhack Hennessy, K., & Fischel, A. (2012). Fashion: The definitive history of costume and style. New York: DK Publishing. Nichelason, M. G. (1994). Stepping through history. Cricket, 21(7), 57. Richards, P. L. (2012). On a Pedestal: From Renaissance Chopines to Baroque Heels. The Sixteenth Century Journal, (1), 160. ROMPALSKE, D. (2003). Fact or Fiction?. Biography, 7(3), 28.