1. 1 Piero Belforte 1997 T elecom H ardware R obustness I nspection S ystem Number of Visitor of THRIS Home Page since 08/04/97: THRIS (Telecom Hardware Robustness Inspection System) is an automatic qualification and test environment developed in co-operation by CSELT, the central research laboratory of the STET group in the telecommunication field, HP and HDT under commitment of Telecom Italia. THRIS is a new conception tool focused on the most critical issues affecting the quality of telecom hardware, well suited for both operating companies and manufactures. It can be utilised with great benefits and cost savings through the entire life of a telecom product from the early design stage up to field operation. Today hardware quality is more and more affected by malfunctions due to the increase of complexity and speed of the integrated circuits, the introduction of high-density packaging technologies, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems and to the more demanding performance limits of new telecom systems. Even the response of the system to faults and its diagnostic coverage are becoming more and more difficult to evaluate. Telecom manufactures have to face these emerging problems with critical time-to-market and cost constraints while operating companies need to evaluate the intrinsic quality of the systems they are going to buy. THRIS has been conceived to solve these problems, locating the hidden causes of malfunctions even before the prototype is available, performing a true quality evaluation based only on design data. If the prototype is available, THRIS allows the user to inject controlled faults and perturbations inside the system, in order to evaluate its actual operating margins and its overall behaviour in faulty conditions.

2. 2 Piero Belforte 1997 Monitoring of the system internal functioning is the third main feature integrated in THRIS to detect the real cause of system failures and malfunctions even in actual field operation. Major Benefits For the Telecom Operating Companies:  Evaluation of hardware robustness and operating margins inside the system.  EMC evaluation of new products.  Reliability evaluation.  Controlled fault insertion for qualification trials.  Automated procedure for hw/sw regression testing related to fault tolerance and diagnostic performance.  System observation through monitoring of critical hardware parameters during both qualification and operation phases. For the Manufacturers:  Reduction of design recycles and improvements of time-to-market.  Early detection of critical areas before prototyping.  EMC prediction before compliance test.  Early reliability evaluation.  Monitoring of system prototype malfunctions and hardware operating margins.  Automated procedure for hw/sw integration trials and regression testing through automated fault insertion.  System dependability validation.  Tool and methodology shared with the telecom operators. Hardware Robustness Analysis by Simulation Signal Integrity analysis can be performed on hardware modules (typically printed circuit boards) by means of the post-layout tool PRESTO TM embedded in the THRIS environment. A large number of tests can be executed on a simulative model automatically extracted from manufacturer's CAD data. These tests can pinpoint problems related to component stress, signal degradation, interference due to crosstalks between traces, and switching noise on power and ground distribution. Signals not respecting user specifications are easily identified. Accurate electrical models of components can be obtained from an experimental setup including a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) linked to THRIS.

3. 3 Piero Belforte 1997 EMC Behaviour Prediction by Simulation Telecom products, like any other electronic equipment, must comply to specific EMC international stardards. The corrective actions on products that do not satisfy EMC requirements can be extremely costly for manufacturers and can create time-to-market problems for telecom operators. THRIS software is able to predict the EMC behaviour of electronic modules during the design phase. Starting from p.c.b. CAD data it is possible to simulate the emission profiles that would be obtained from the experimental tests and compare them to the emission levels allowed by the standards. In this way, the most critical signals from EMC point of view can be detected and corrective actions can be taken before prototype implementation with great savings of time and costs. Fault/Noise Insertion on the Simulated System Fault insertion is necessary during qualification trials to evaluate overall system behaviour in faulty conditions. THRIS automatic procedures utilise the simulative model of hardware modules to predict the spurious effects due to the physical connection of fault actuators and insure the effectiveness and repeatibility of fault insertion tests that will be carried out on the physical system. Simulative tests can evaluate both normal and faulty operations of an apparatus consisting of several hardware modules connected together. A great variety of digital streams can be applied as stimuli to the system under test to simulate real traffic conditions and the results can be displayed in terms of eye-diagrams and compared with user- defined or standard signal masks. In the case shown, regarding a STM1 apparatus, internal signal degradation can become a major cause of system malfunctions even if the functional test results are correct. T elecom H ardware R obustness I nspection S ystem Fault/Noise Insertion on the Physical System THRIS hardware front-end includes miniaturised fault insertion probes that can be connected to the system under test without particular design requirements and no need of extender cards. Fault actuators, noise injectors and passive monitoring probes can be inserted in any type of electronic module and the connection

4. 4 Piero Belforte 1997 point of each probe is optimized by the software in order to limit spurious effects within user specified limits. Probe mounting procedure and cable assignment are fully driven and documented by THRIS software. The status of fault and noise injection probes is electronically controlled allowing repetitive tests, without permanent damage of components. The boards equipped with THRIS probes can be archived for regression trials. Fault Actuation and System Monitoring through VEE User Interface THRIS console allows the operator to activate fault insertion and signal monitoring functions. The user selects the module under test and the specific signal where the fault has to be applied. In a similar way it is possible to select the signal to be monitored during normal operation or when the fault is applied. Thanks to the VEE environment, the user interface is very friendly and can be easily customized to cover new test applications. Integration within other proprietary test environments is also possible. Future Evolutions THRIS is mainly an evolutive project that will cover in the near future more and more applications with the aim of becoming a standard methodology used by Manufacturers and Telecom Operators. The TUG (THRIS User Group) initiative recently promoted by CSELT and sponsored by Telecom Italia is already operative to address the future releases of the tool by taking into account the needs of its partecipants. TUG interests include predictive EMC to increase the success probability of final compliance tests of new products. A great emphasis will be given to the extension of THRIS simulation capabilities and to the tool validation through extensive experimental tests. Other add-on options of THRIS will cover high-speed applications like SDH apparatus, enhanced component modelling capabilities and early reliability evaluations of electronic modules based on a specific CSELT/Telecom Italia methodology.

5. 5 Piero Belforte 1997 THRIS Basic Configuration Hardware HP9000/745 E1401A E1406A E1458A E1366A + E1403B E1428A E1445A C2145A UNIX Workstation and system controller C- size VXI Mainframe Command module 96-channel digital I/O * 50 ohm RF Mux (2x4:1) ** 1 Gsample/s 2-channel digitizing oscilloscope Arbitrary function generator Desk jet colour printer Software E2111B - PRESTO EmiR - Visual Engineering Environment VXI Instrument & probe control software *** Post-layout analysis environment, including THRIS facilities for fault insertion and test documentation Radiated emission prediction tool SW link between VEE and PRESTO environments Optional 54120A 54750A 8590EM Time-Domain Reflectometer for component characterisation (sw link to PRESTO) High bandwidth digitizing oscilloscope and TDR EMC precompliance analyser * Additional modules can be used to expand the number of fault insertion points. ** Additional modules can be used to expand the number of monitoring/noise injection channels. *** Customisable for specific test applications. THRIS is a trademark of CSELT. PRESTO and EmiR are trademarks of HDT.

6. 6 Piero Belforte 1997 Fault insertion & signal monitoring Front-End (patents pending): Miniaturised fault actuators:  compatible with through-hole and SMT technologies  stuck-at-0 and stuck-at-1 for ECL, CMOS, TTL digital families  low electrical loading in off condition  fully characterised (behavioural model) Miniaturised passive probes:  monitoring of signals inside modules  low electrical loading  fully characterised (behavioural model) Miniaturised noise injectors:  injection of noise inside operating modules  monitoring of injected noise  low electrical loading when disabled  fully characterised (behavioural model) Optical decoupling & signal conditioning modules:  avoid ground loops when testing large systems Miscellaneous:  connectors and cables

7. 7 Piero Belforte 1997 To get more information Contact persons Piero BELFORTE CSELT via G. Reiss Romoli 274 10148 - Torino phone: +39 11 228 6905 fax: +39 11 228 7003 Giuseppe MORELLI Telecom Italia S.p.A. DRE/IR-INC via di Val Cannuta, 250 00166 - Roma phone: +39 6 3688 5733 fax: +39 6 3688 5811 Luigi Bragagnini CSSD- Hewlett-Packard S.p.A. via G. Di Vittorio, 9 20063 - Cernusco sul Naviglio (Milano) phone: +39 2 92124447 fax: +39 2 92141485 Pierpaolo MORETTI Telecom Italia S.p.A. DRE/IR-IAP via di Val Cannuta, 250 00166 - Roma phone: +39 6 3688 5634 fax: +39 6 3688 8631 Em anuel LEROUX HDT C.so Trapani, 16 10139 - Torino phone: +39 11 746104 fax: +39 11 748109

8. 8 Piero Belforte 1997 PRESTO P ost-layout R apid E xhaustive S imulation and T est of O peration PRESTO  is a Signal Integrity (SI) and ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) analysis environment able to predict the behavior of electronic designs before prototype implementation. EMC prediction is becoming more and more important due to the application of regulatory norms, so that the EMC behavior of a new design has to be analyzed and corrected before compliance tests are carried on system prototype. PRESTO is the true solution to these emerging problems allowing the designer to follow a step by step path to fix design problems due to physical implementation. PRESTO and its add-on modules (XTALK TM, SSN TM, EmiR TM, EmiR-Cable TM, ) predict in an unique and fast way the effects of board layout on signal reflections, crosstalk, switching noise and EMC issues due both to e.m. field radiation and conducted noise. PRESTO usage increases the quality and reliability of electronic designs, reducing both the cost of design recycles and time to market. How PRESTO Works

9. 9 Piero Belforte 1997 PRESTO operation is based on layout data automatically extracted from the CAD environment and then converted into an electrical network described as a SPRINT  netlist where the routed traces are converted to transmission line models by means of the embedded e.m. field solver PREFIS . Component models are automatically extracted from PRESTO component libraries. Layout View A specific layout window displays the nets of the board under test. Problems due to incorrect topologies can be easily recognized inside PRESTO without the need of other links with the CAD system. Values of passive components can be easily changed in order to perform a what-if analysis on Signal Integrity (SI) and EMC effects. Model Libraries Component models can be described as SPRINT subcircuits in SPICE-like syntax with no limitation in model topology and complexity. Non standard parts can be included automatically in the netlist if previously defined as PRESTO special components. Wide-bandwidth models can be developed by means of TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) measurements on actual components exploiting the facilities of the graphic environment SIGHTS . This feature is very important for high-speed and EMC applications.

10. 10 Piero Belforte 1997 Reports An exhaustive compliance analysis on all signals of the design with respect user- defined masks can be performed and SI reports can be obtained as mask violation errors, in addition to the classic SI parameters: transition times, overshoots, delays, etc. Both graphical (SIGHTS) and ASCII reports are available for both waveform analysis and fast screening of results. The fast and accurate SI analysis is also the basis of a quick and accurate prediction of radiated e.m. fields performed by PRESTO's EmiR module. PLATFORMS PRESTO runs on popular SUN SPARCstations and HP9000/700 series workstation platforms. FeaturesBenefits User friendly graphical interfaceQuick entry of both design data and test parameters Modular add-on structureStep by step procedure to fix design problems Powerful simulation engine (SPRINT) Very fast checks of whole board Avoid problems of net by net scan Results match actual measurements Unique solution for power/ground noise evaluation Hierarchical model organizationNo model topologies limitation Link to measurements Accurate and reliable models, up to Gbit/s speed Results validated in a broad range of applications Wide range of test stimuli and checksRealistic tests to identify the causes of troubles