1. Lesson 1: Pangea

2. Objectives Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics 1- Identify the evidences to support the conclusion that the continents ware once joined together. 2- Describe and construct Pangaea. 3- Assess our understandings through higher level thinking questions

3. Checking Prior Knowledge Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

4. Puzzling Evidence Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What evidence suggests that continents move? In the late 1800s, Alfred Wegener proposed his hypothesis of continental drift. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted (moved slowly) which is called continental drift. Several lines of evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis. Fossils of the same species are found on continents on separate sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The locations of mountain ranges and rock formations and evidence of ancient climatic conditions also support Wegener’s hypothesis. Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

5. What is Pangaea? About 245 million years ago, the continents were joined in a single large landmass called Pangaea. About 200 million years ago, a large rift formed and Pangaea began to break into two continents, Laurasia and Gondwana. Then, Laurasia began to drift northward, and a new rift separated Laurasia into the continents of North America and Eurasia. At the same time, Gondwana also broke into two continents. One continent contained land that is now the continents of South America and Africa. The other continent contained land that is now Antarctica, Australia, and India. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

6. Activity 1 : Creating a Poster /Solving a Puzzle Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Rubrics for Pair work One pencil for 2 Take Turns Discuss Answers Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min Sultan Naser’s Group

7. Activity 1 : Science Article/Creating a Poster Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Rubrics for Pair work One pencil for 2 Take Turns Discuss Answers Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min Khaled-Hamdan, Abdulla Shamsi –Ahmed Meshael

8. Activity 1 : Forming Pangea/Creating a Poster Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Rubrics for Pair work Divide work Cut pieces Try to fit them together before gluing them Both should agree on the final picture Time : 15 min Students Involved : All the rest

9. Activity 3 Self-Assessment

10. What discoveries support the idea of continental drift? For many years, scientists did not accept Wegener’s ideas because they could not determine how continents moved. In the mid-1900s, scientists began mapping the sea floor and discovered huge, underwater mountain ranges called m( underwater mountain system).id-ocean ridges The discovery of mid-ocean ridges eventually led to the theory of plate tectonics, which built on some of Wegener’s ideas. Rock samples from the sea floor revealed that the youngest rock is closest to the ridge, while the oldest rock is farthest away. Even the oldest oceanic crust is young compared to continental crust. To explain the age of sea-floor rocks, scientists proposed a process called sea-floor spreading. In this process, molten rock from inside Earth rises at the ridges and forms new oceanic crust. Older crust is pushed away from the ridge, and the sea floor slowly spreads apart. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

11. What discoveries support the idea of continental drift? Scientists also discovered huge trenches in the sea floor where oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere. Older crust is thus being destroyed at the ocean trenches at the same rate as new crust is forming at the ridges. In this manner, Earth remains the same size. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

12. Lesson 3: Plate Tectonics Theory Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. Objectives Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics 1-Describe the theory of plate tectonics. 2-Create a Poster that describe the process of Plate tectonics and/or the major tectonic plates. 3-Evaluate the possibility of living in places with major interactions of tectonic plates.

14. A Giant Jigsaw Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What is the theory of plate tectonics? Scientists began to form a new theory to explain continental drift, mid-ocean ridges, and sea-floor spreading. Plate tectonics is a theory that describes large-scale movements of Earth’s lithosphere. It explains how and why features in Earth’s crust form and continents move. The lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates, which move around on top of the asthenosphere. Oceanic crust are thin, but dense and displace less asthenosphere. Continental crust are less dense and displace more asthenosphere. Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

15. A Giant Jigsaw Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What is the theory of plate tectonics? Tectonic plates cover the surface of Earth, they vary in size and shape. Oceanic plates are thin, but dense and displace less asthenosphere. Continental plates are less dense and displace more asthenosphere. Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics

16. Activity 1 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics Rubrics for Pair work One pencil for 2 Take Turns Discuss Answers Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 7 min

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. I’m done Critical Thinking Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 3 Self-Assessment Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle

22. Boundaries Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are the three types of plate boundaries? Plate boundaries may be on the ocean floor, around the edges of continents, or even within continents. The three types of plate boundaries are convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. Each type is associated with characteristic landforms. Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics Convergent boundaries form where two plates collide. This can happen in three ways, depending on the types of crust involved.

23. What are the three types of plate boundaries? At a divergent boundary, two plates move away from each other, and magma rises to form new lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics A boundary at which two plates move past each other horizontally is called a transform boundary. At transform boundaries, the motion of the two plates often produces earthquakes.

24. Activity 1 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Boundaries Rubrics for Pair work One pencil for 2 Take Turns Discuss Answers Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 7 min

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the final modelling Time : 15 min

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 2 Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle Rubrics for Pair work Take Turns Share information Both should agree on the answer of each question Time : 15 min

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. I’m done Critical Thinking Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Activity 3 Self-Assessment Creating a Poster/Solving a Puzzle