1. Fall 2017 ECS 305 Class 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 19 – introduction of first group project ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

2. Chapter 1 Children’s Well-Being: What It Is and How to Achieve It ©2015 Cengage Learning.

3. Preventive Health The preventive health concept emphasizes the importance of assuming responsibility for one’s personal well-being. –On a personal level—preventive health practices include following a ______ diet, participating in physical ______, keeping _________ current, wearing seat belts, avoiding ________ abuse, etc.

4. Preventive Health –On a social level—citizens have a collective responsibility to support ______ and practices that promote the ______ of all individuals, such as establishing food ______ standards, water fluoridation, regulating ____ pollution and pesticide use, and advocating for ______ safety legislation.

5. National Preventive Health Initiatives National health initiatives and programs that support and promote children’s well-being: –Healthy People 2020 –National Children’s Agenda –Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

6. National Preventive Health Initiatives –Healthy Child Care America –National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Child Care –No Child _____ Behind –Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) –National _______ Study –Let’s Move! Can you think of others?

7. In What Ways Are Health, Safety, and Nutrition Interrelated? Although each component is important by itself, all three must be considered ________. Each component influences the state and quality of the others. health + _______ + nutrition = well-being

8. What Is Health? Health is a state of physical, _____, economic, ______, cultural, and spiritual well-being. –How might these qualities affect each other and also influence an individual’s health?

9. What Is Health? Health is determined by the dynamic interaction of genetics and ___________ factors. –The quality of a person’s ______ is always changing. –In what ways can teachers promote children’s health?

10. Children’s Safety The term safety refers to the behaviors and practices that reduce the risk of _________ injury. Why must teachers always be aware of children’s safety issues? –Unintentional injuries cause the majority of _______ deaths. –Prevention is every adults’ responsibility.

11. Children’s Nutrition Food provides ______ that are essential for growth, energy, ____________ from illness and disease, and continuous tissue repair. Food insecurity and unhealthy _________ practices can lead to malnutrition and/or obesity. Children’s behavior is also affected by the _______ of their diet.

12. Children’s Growth & Development The term growth refers to the numerous ________ changes, such as eruption of teeth, increased height, _____ gain, and improved visual acuity that occur as a ____ matures. Growth results from the interaction of ______ potential and environmental factors.

13. Children’s Growth & Development The term development describes changes that occur in the complexity of children’s ________, social-emotional, ______, and language abilities. Development involves an interactive process of maturation and _________ (to experience and practice).

14. Children’s Brain Development An infant’s brain is wired and ready to learn at birth –Maternal practices during pregnancy influence the brain’s _________ development A majority of a child’s brain development occurs by age ___ yrs. –What are “windows of opportunity”? –What is plasticity?

15. Children’s Oral Health What purpose do teeth serve? –________ –Maintaining space for permanent teeth –Helping to ______ the jaw –Speech What practices are important for promoting children’s oral health?

16. Children’s Social-Emotional Competence Social-emotional competence refers to the way a child thinks, feels, and ____ on a daily basis. –It affects how a child handles stress, _________, and makes decisions. –It ultimately influences a child’s self-concept and self-_____.

17. Children’s Mental Health One in __ children/adolescents have a mental health disorder. One in ___ have a serious emotional disturbance that disrupts daily functioning. When early problems are not treated, they can contribute to school failure, _______ conflict, drug abuse, violence, _________, and suicide.

18. Signs of Mental Health Problems Uncontrollable anger Prolonged feelings of hopelessness or _____ Extreme fearfulness or anxiousness Difficulty concentrating or remaining focused Persistent ________ Eating ________ Violent or aggressive behaviors (e.g., setting fires, killing animals, hurting others)

19. Promoting Children’s Social- Emotional Competence Be a positive _____ model. Create environments that are supportive, responsive, and _______. Teach children ________ social, communication, and problem-solving skills. Recognize signs of _________ problems and refer children early.

20. Children and Bullying Why do some children bully others? What groups of children are more likely to be victimized? What is cyber bullying and what can families do to protect children?

21. Building Resiliency Teachers can help children become more resilient by: –Fostering supportive, __________ environments and positive parenting skills. –Promoting effective social, _________, and problem- solving skills. –Modeling appropriate behaviors. –Offering _______ and encouragement. –Respecting children and avoiding _____ or judgmental treatment.

22. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Class Discussion Questions As a group: 2. Describe how teachers can use their knowledge of children’s development for health promotion. 4. Discuss why it is important to involve and include families in children’s health education activities. What steps can a teacher take to be sure that children’s cultural beliefs are respected? 5. Explain the benefits of physical activity for both children and teachers. Conduct several classroom observations with different age groups to identify ways that teachers can incorporate more aerobic activity into children’s daily schedule. Describe how several of these activities could be modified for children who have limited vision or are in a wheelchair.

23. Chapter 2 Daily Health Observations ©2015 Cengage Learning.

24. Why should teachers be concerned about children’s health and well-being?

25. Children’s health affects: »Learning »Energy, interest, focus »Performance »Growth and development

26. What resources can teachers use to evaluate children’s health status? Teachers have access to a variety of information sources, including: –Daily observations and _______ checks –Children’s health ______ –Health and developmental screenings –Family input

27. What are daily health checks? Daily health checks are an informal observational screening tool that yields information about: –A child’s state of physical and mental health Appearance ________ –If there is need for referral and professional evaluation

28. Why should teachers conduct daily health checks? To establish a baseline of typical behavior and ________ for each child. To note when changes occur. For early ___________ of health impairments that may interfere with learning. To promote children’s well-being.

29. How are daily health checks conducted? Observing as the child arrives and ________ the day. Assessing the child from head to toe, front to back: –Looking at the child’s hair, ____, skin, etc. (see Teacher Checklist 2-1) –Using a flashlight to look inside the child’s mouth (inspecting teeth for cavities, _____ for redness or sores)

30. How are daily health checks conducted? Listening to the child’s speech. Observing family-child interactions. Continuing to observe the child throughout the day for _____ of developing illness or ______.

31. Remember that: Teachers never diagnose –They are not qualified to interpret illnesses and/or _______ conditions Teachers should refer a child for professional evaluation if there are any health _________

32. Recording Observations Notes should be made immediately following the daily _______ check. Recorded information should be clear, ______, and meaningful to others. Information provides an _____ picture of the child’s growth and development.

33. Confidentiality All information about a child’s health is considered confidential and must be protected. Only information that affects a ______ ability to work with a child needs to be shared. Family permission is always required before any information about a child is _________ to another organization.

34. Why should families be involved in the daily health check process? It promotes a partnership with _________ It builds trust It supports families’ efforts to raise healthy children It provides opportunities for ________ exchange It reinforces ________ health practices

35. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Class Discussion Questions As a group: 2. Describe the health check routine. What common health problems/conditions should teachers look for? 3. Discuss how you might respond to a parent who objects to the daily health checks conducted by her 5. What suggestions would you have for a preschool teacher who says he is too busy to conduct daily health checks? 6. What are some things teachers can do to get families more involved in their child’s preventive health care?

36. Chapter 3 Assessing Children’s Health ©2015 Cengage Learning.

37. Health Information Information about a child’s health is available in many forms and from a variety of sources.

38. Health Information It can be used to: – assess and monitor a child’s _______ over time – identify developmental problems – formulate _______ plans – make _______ and work with service providers – evaluate a child’s ________

39. Child Health Histories Information that families provide on health history forms can be useful for understanding the child’s: –Current developmental progress –Special health _________ or needs –Daily habits and preferences, such as eating and sleeping ______ and words used to express ________ needs –Concept of family

40. Medical and Dental Records A complete physical form and immunization record are required for admission to early childhood and public school programs in most states. Height, weight and ____ measurements provide reliable information about a child’s _______ and well-being.

41. Sensory System Assessment Young children learn primarily through their sensory organs – eyes, ears, nose, hands, and mouth. Teachers see children functioning in a variety of situations and can _______ behaviors that may indicate a ______ problem.

42. Vision What behaviors might suggest that an infant or toddler may be experiencing a potential vision problem? (See Teacher Checklist 3-1) What behaviors might indicate that an older child may have impaired vision? (See Teacher Checklist 3-2) What evaluation procedures can be used to determine if a referral is necessary?

43. Common Vision Disorders Amblyopia – a distortion and gradual loss of vision due to a ______ imbalance. Strabismus – a condition in which the pupils appear _____ or not aligned equally. Myopia – nearsightedness; child may appear _______ and ‘accident-prone’

44. Hearing What behaviors might indicate a potential hearing problem in an infant or toddler? (See Teacher Checklist 3-4) What behaviors might be observed in an older child? (Teacher Checklist 3-3) What formal testing procedures are used to confirm or rule out a hearing disorder?

45. Common Hearing Disorders Conductive loss – interferes with the ability to hear and distinguish ______ sounds. Sensorineural and mixed hearing loss – interfere with the child’s ability to ___ and/or to interpret sound.

46. Hearing Disorders What modifications and instructional methods can teachers implement in the classroom to help children who have a hearing impairment?

47. Speech and Language Developmental milestones provide a functional measure for evaluating a child’s _____ and language progress. A hearing test should be a first step in assessing a child who may have a speech impairment or _____. Referral for professional evaluation should be made if there are any concerns.

48. Nutritional Assessment BMI, appearance and ________ provide initial indicators of a child’s nutritional well-being. Additional assessment tools include dietary/nutrient analysis, measurements compared to norms (e.g. BMI, head circumference), and ________ tests.

49. Common Nutrition Disorders Malnutrition – a lack of sufficient food or essential nutrients. May be caused by limited access to food or _______ food choices. Obesity – commonly due to a combination of excess food and calorie intake and ______ lifestyle.

50. Childhood Obesity In what ways does obesity challenge children’s health? What can be done to avoid obesity and improve children’s weight management?

51. Referrals A comprehensive evaluation may be needed to identify a child’s ________ problem. The evaluation process must take the child’s family and _____ environment into consideration. Teachers should refer _______ to appropriate health professionals and support their efforts to follow through with recommendations.

52. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Class Discussion Questions As a group: 2. Discuss how teachers might use information in health records to improve learning experiences for children with special sensory needs? 3. Discuss how the learning activities outlined in the Classroom Corner feature could be modified for a child who is blind or has low vision. How might they be adapted for a child with significant hearing loss? 4. Brainstorm ideas for ways that teachers can incorporate more physical activity into classroom routines to help children achieve the recommended 60 minutes of vigorous daily activity. 5. Debate whether or not teachers should calculate children’s BMI and inform families if a child is overweight. Role-play how a teacher might share this information with an unreceptive parent and offer suggestions for improving the child’s nutrition and physical activity. Critique each other’s responses.

53. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 19 -Nutrition Education Introducing the concept about the firs Group Project Select a project for your group – based on Chapter 19 as your guide

54. Chapter 19 Nutrition Education: Rationale, Concepts, and Lessons ©2015 Cengage Learning.

55. Nutrition Education Children can begin to learn fundamental nutrition concepts including: –Growth and _____ are dependent on having access to healthy, ______-dense food. –Nutrients are obtained from food. –A variety of foods must be consumed to get all nutrients needed for healthy _______ and development. –Food safety and _________ are especially critical as they relate to young children.

56. Family Participation Family involvement in children’s nutrition education is essential to achieving success. –Explain what this statement means and why it is true. –In what ways can schools get families more involved in children’s nutrition education?

57. Children’s Nutrition Education Teachers have many opportunities to weave nutrition education throughout children’s daily learning experiences. –Describe how teachers can achieve this goal. –Explain how children benefit from this approach. –What other developmental areas can be reinforced through nutrition education experiences?

58. Basic Considerations Learning activities should be developmentally appropriate. Real foods should be used in activities whenever possible (check for _______). Only nutrient-dense foods should be used in learning experiences. Children should be able to eat the ___ product. Children learn _____ when they participate in an activity.