1. Health and Human Development
AOS 2
Unit 4

2. Objectives
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced in There are 17 goals in total and they work together to achieve three major objectives. One of these objectives is to tackle climate change. List the other two objectives.

3. Objectives End extreme poverty Fight inequality and Justice
Tackle climate change

4. Sustainable Development Goal 1 is ‘No poverty’.
a. Outline one reason why this SDG is important

5. Poverty
Poverty is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries affecting over 800 million people. When people are poor they cannot afford food, clothing, shelter, health care or education.
Poverty means many people go without food and suffer from hunger. A lack of food leads to a weakened immune system, which reduces the ability of the body to fight infectious diseases which contribute to high levels mortality and morbidity.

6. Social Protection
One way to end poverty is to implement social protection measures.
i. What is meant by social protection measures?
ii. How can social protection measures help to end poverty?

7. Social Protection
Social protection measures are social security measures that include health care, family benefits to ensure children have access to nutrition, education and care, and welfare benefits for those who become sick or disabled and the elderly.

8. Social Protection
Social protection measures help end poverty by ensuring that individuals and families do not suffer from poverty as a result of a crisis or other unexpected event. They provide access to essential health care benefits, ensure children have access to nutrition, education and care and those who are unable to earn an income are provided with income security. These measures help end poverty in the long term.

9. Women
Millions of women in developing countries cook on stoves or fires that fill the room with thick smoke from polluting fuels such as wood, dung and coal. This poses an enormous risk to health. Women are most at risk as they carry the burden for the majority of domestic work in developing countries.
a. Name the SDG that relates to the information above.
Explain the meaning of the SDG selected in part a

10. SDG
Gender equality or Good Health and Well Being are the SDG represented in the information. Students do not have to include the number of the SDG.

11. Gender Equality
Gender equality means an end to discrimination and violence against women and girls, and men and women are provided with equal opportunities in all areas of life.

12. Global Health
Using the information in the example provided, briefly outline how the achievement of this SDG would promote global health.

13. Relate to the information
Gender equality would help promote global heath as it would help ensure that women had equal rights to economic resources to enable them to purchase cleaner, alternative fuels for cooking. This would reduce the levels of morbidity and mortality from lung cancer and respiratory diseases amongst women in developing countries.
• Gender equality would mean that unpaid domestic work would be valued and recognised and therefore the provision of cleaner fuels would become a priority by the governments of developing countries. This would contribute to reduced mortality and morbidity from diseases such as lung cancer and respiratory disease amongst women in developing countries.

14. Sub Saharan African Registered Births
Which Sustainable Development Goal is represented in the graph?
Explain how increasing birth registration could promote human development in Sub-Saharan Africa.

15. Goal 16
the SDG in the graph as Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions.

16. Birth Registration
Increasing birth registration could promote human development because it provides everyone with a legal identity that entitles those of voting age, the right to vote and therefore to participate in the life of their community.
• With a legal identity that comes with having a birth registered, people have a greater chance of being treated with respect and fairness by the justice system. This would help ensure basic human rights are protected which increases quality of life and enhanced capabilities to live a longer and healthier life

17. Birth Registration
When women and children in particular, have a legal identity they are at less risk of exploitation and becoming victims of people trafficking or underage military conscription. This helps ensure all people can lead a productive life, have access to education and knowledge and develop to their full potential.

18. Preschool Briefly outline the SDG represented in the graph.
Outline why preschool quality has been included as part of the SDG selected.
Explain how the SDG represented in the graph can promote sustainable human development.

19. Education
Having access to high quality teachers and a curriculum that develops literacy and numeracy skills, the skills associated with problem-solving, analysis and creativity, and the values and attitudes needed to make informed decisions to solve current global issues.

20. Preschool
Early childhood education is important for children to be able to achieve success in their later years of schooling and beyond. Most brain development occurs in the first five years of life and quality preschool education provides an environment that promotes the development of cognitive skills.

21. Quality Education
Quality education means all children and young people are given an opportunity to learn the knowledge and skills necessary to gain employment and earn an income which contributes to achieving a decent standard of living. Educated people are more empowered, have greater control over the decisions that affect their lives and are more likely to participate in political and community life, which promotes social sustainability. Greater employment promotes wealth within a country and develops a stronger economy. Governments can use taxation revenue to invest in infrastructure such as water and sanitation systems, schools, social protection benefits, medical facilities, and communication and transportation networks such as telephones, internet and television, all of which promote economic, environmental and social sustainability. Increased economic wealth can also promote environmental sustainability by reducing the need to deplete our existing resources such as rainforests and marine life.

22. Decent Work
Sustainable Development Goal 8 is ‘Decent work and economic growth’.
a. Explain what is meant by decent work.
Outline two reasons why SDG 8 is important.

23. Decent Work
Decent work means people can work in conditions that are safe and free of workplace bullying and violence, they receive fair pay for their work, have opportunities for promotion, are not discriminated on gender, race or sexual orientation, enjoy work–life balance and social interaction, and are treated with dignity.

24. SDG 8
Decent work and full and productive employment helps eradicate poverty. However, the level of youth unemployment is much higher than that of adults. This limits opportunities for long term economic growth.
• Over one billion people are employed in jobs that are vulnerable and unstable, often with poor working conditions and no social security benefits. World unemployment is increasing.
• Many women and children are forced into slave labour where they have no rights, have to work long hours and are often subject to sexual exploitation and millions of women and girls are victims of human trafficking.

25. Road Traffic Injury
The graph below illustrates the mortality rate associated with road traffic injury across different income countries.
Name the SDG represented in the graph.
Explain why road traffic injury is included in the SDG identified in part a.

26. Road Traffic Injuries
Good health and wellbeing is the SDG that includes road traffic injuries.

27. Road Traffic Injuries
Around 1.2 billion people die each year from road traffic injuries and millions more are disabled as a result of road traffic injuries. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally with increasing rates occurring in both developing and developed countries.
• Road traffic injuries are predicted to become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030 unless action is taken to address the issue.