1. Computer Architecture & Operations I
Instructor: Ryan Florin

2. Housekeeping Blackboard Syllabus Class Schedule Class Notes
Assignments
Sending out s to class

3. Housekeeping Best way to contact me is by email: Or in office hours
Or in office hours
Office location: 3106 E&CS
Office hours:
T, R: 5:40PM-6:40PM

4. Housekeeping Grading Policy (6) Assignments 40% (2) Midterms: 30%
Open book, open notes
(1) final: 30%

5. Housekeeping Textbook Same textbook in CS270
Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, 5th Edition, by Patterson and Hennessy, Morgan and Kaufman Publishers, Inc., 2014
Same textbook in CS270

6. Honor Code
All assignments, unless explicitly specified, are to be completed on your own
ODU Honor Council
Evidence of cheating, plagiarism, or unauthorized collaboration will result in a 0 grade for quiz/assignment/exam
May have further consequences

7. How to get help? Ask questions in class (or after class)
Attend office hours me
Make sure that you put “CS170” in your subject line
Send it from your .odu account
It wouldn’t come to my spam folder
State clearly what you need in your

8. How to Get an A in this Class
Attendance
Attend class regularly and on time
Ask questions and participate
Notes
Review class notes after class
Homework
Get started as early as possible
Contact me with any questions

9. CS170 will cover
Chapters 1, 2, 3
Appendix B

10. Importance of This Course
Prerequisite for CS270
You must get a C or better to pass
Foundation for advanced courses
Operating Systems
Programming Language
Compiler Design
Networking
Parallel Programming
Algorithm
I/O Management

11. Computer Evolution Moore’s Law
The number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years
Chip performance double every two years
So does
CPU speed
Memory
Number of sensors
Number of Pixels in digital camera

12. Computer Evolution Moore’s “Law” 1958 - first transistors on chip
1965 – Doubles every year
1976 – Doubles every 2 years
2015 – Doubles every 2.5 years

13. Moore’s Law

14. Moore’s Law

15. The Computer Revolution
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
The Computer Revolution
§1.1 Introduction
Progress in computer technology
Underpinned by Moore’s Law
Makes novel applications feasible
Computers in automobiles
Cell phones
Human genome project
Computational biology/chemistry/physics
World Wide Web
Search Engines
Computers are pervasive
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

16. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Classes of Computers
Personal computers
General purpose, variety of software
Subject to cost/performance tradeoff
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

17. Classes of Computers Embedded computers
Hidden as components of systems
Examples
Computer in your car
Processor in your cell phone
Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

18. Classes of Computers Server computers Network based
High capacity, performance, reliability
Range
Small file servers
Supercomputers

19. Poor Man’s Super Computer
What is a Cluster?
“Collection of interconnected stand-alone computers working together as a single, integrated computing resource”
Cluster consists of
Nodes
Network OS
Cluster middleware
Standard components
Avoiding expensive proprietary components

20. Classes of Computers Warehouse scale computers
servers, storage, cooling, power all working together on huge scales to deliver compute power as a “utility” for a small fee.

21. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
The Processor Market
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

22. Understanding Computer Performance
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Algorithm
Determines number of operations executed
Programming language, compiler, architecture
Determine number of machine instructions executed per operation
Processor and memory system
Determine how fast instructions are executed
I/O system (including OS)
Determines how fast I/O operations are executed
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

23. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Below Your Program
Application software
Written in high-level language
System software
Compiler: translates High Level Language code to machine code
Operating System: service code
Handling input/output
Managing memory and storage
Scheduling tasks & sharing resources
Hardware
Processor, memory, I/O controllers
§1.2 Below Your Program
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

24. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Levels of Program Code
High-level language
Level of abstraction closer to problem domain
Provides for productivity and portability
Assembly language
Symbolic representation of instructions
Hardware representation
Binary digits (bits)
Encoded instructions and data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

25. Compiler Function of Compiler
Convert programs in high-level language to programs in assembly language

26. Example: C Compiler
C program
Assembly Program

27. Assembler Assembler Assembly Language
Translates assembly language into binary instructions
Assembly Language
Use symbols instead of 0’s and 1’s
More readable

28. Binary Instructions
MIPS binary code for summing 0 to 100 square

29. Components of a Computer
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Components of a Computer
§1.3 Under the Covers
Same components for all kinds of computer
Desktop, server, embedded
Input/output includes
User-interface devices
Display, keyboard, mouse
Storage devices
Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash
Network adapters
For communicating with other computers
The BIG Picture
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

30. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Anatomy of a Computer
Output device
Network cable
Input device
Input device
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

31. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Anatomy of a Mouse
Optical mouse
LED illuminates desktop
Small low-res camera
Basic image processor
Looks for x, y movement
Buttons & wheel
Supersedes roller-ball mechanical mouse
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

32. Through the Looking Glass
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Through the Looking Glass
LCD screen: picture elements (pixels)
Mirrors content of frame buffer memory
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

33. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Opening the Box
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

34. Inside the Processor (CPU)
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Inside the Processor (CPU)
Datapath: performs operations on data
Control: sequences datapath, memory, ...
Cache memory
Small fast SRAM memory for immediate access to data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

35. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Inside the Processor
AMD Barcelona: 4 processor cores
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

36. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
A Safe Place for Data
Volatile main memory
Loses instructions and data when power off
Non-volatile secondary memory
Magnetic disk
Flash memory
Optical disk (CDROM, DVD)
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

37. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Networks
Communication and resource sharing
Local area network (LAN): Ethernet
Within a building
Wide area network (WAN: the Internet)
Wireless network: WiFi, Bluetooth
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

38. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
September 23, 2017
Technology Trends
Electronics technology continues to evolve
Increased capacity and performance
Reduced cost
DRAM capacity
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology

39. Summary Syllabus Moore’s Law Classes of Computers
Performance of a Computer
Components of a Computer

40. What I want you to do Review Chapter 1 and Class Slides
Enjoy your new semester