1. Bell Ringer
Why did the Aztec Civilization use ritual sacrifice? How did they get the people needed? Explain.

2. Pre-Columbian South America
EQ: What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory?

3. Early Peoples of Peru Chavin (850 B.C.E.) Built huge temple complex
Worshipped ferocious-looking god
Part jaguar part human with grinning catlike features
Depicted on stone carvings and pottery
Chavin art and religion influenced later peoples of Peru

4. Early Peoples of Peru Nazca (300 B.C.E. – 800 C.E.)
Etched glyphs in the desert.
A glyph is a pictograph or symbol carved into a surface.

5. The Inca Empire The Inca emperor exercised absolute power
Claimed divinity -> Son of the Sun
Owned all the land, herds, mines, and people.
Capital city = Cuzco

6. Inca Government

8. The Inca Empire
Kept records on a quipu, a collection of knotted, colored strings.
Scholars believe that quipus noted dates and events as well as statistics on population and crops.
Imposed their own language, Quechua, and religion on the people.

9. The Inca Empire
Created a road system that allowed the military and messengers to travel.
12,000 miles
Used a relay-runner system
They prohibited ordinary people from using the roads at all.
All roads led to Cuzco.
Population was made up of representatives from all over the empire.

10. The Inca Empire
skilled farmers who developed methods of terracing, irrigation, and fertilization of the soil.
Making sloped lands (mountains) farmable by making flat land.

11. The Inca Empire Machu Picchu
Undiscovered city of the Inca by the Spanish
Believed to be built for the emperor Pachacuti
Temple of the Sun – interior walls lined with gold.

12. Society of the Inca Strictly controlled daily life Arranged marriages
To ensure people were settled at a certain age.
Assigned jobs and distributed crops

13. Society of the Inca
Developed important medical advancements such as brain surgery

14. What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory?
Essential Question
What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory?

15. Assessment
Which early group etched glyphs into the ground?

16. Assessment
Agricultural method in which sloped mountainsides were made into farmable land.

17. Assessment
The city that survived Spanish devastation because it was initially undiscovered by them

18. Assessment
System of colored and knotted strings that were used for record keeping.

19. Assessment
Approximately how many miles was the road network of the Inca?

20. How did the Inca adapt to their environment?
Bell Ringer
How did the Inca adapt to their environment?