1. What Europeans Found: The American Surprise
Ch. 1
Unit 1 – The Making of Americans
What Europeans Found: The American Surprise

2. Sec. 4
Spanish Adventurers

3. Once Upon a Time There Were Explorers

4. The Norse discoveries
986 A.D. or C.E. - Bjarni Herjulfson: The First European Who Really Discovered America
1001 C.E. – Leif Eriksson: The First European to establish a settlement in America

5. Amerigo the beautiful Italian navigator
Made 2 voyages westward after Columbus
Called the lands a new continent – a “New World”
A French map printer, impressed by Amerigo’s account, named the lands after him

6. The Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI – issued series of new “bulls” in 1493
Divided newly discovered “pagan” lands among Christian monarchs (Spain & Portugal)
Treaty of Tordesillas
Line moved further west
History seen through language
South American countries primarily speak?
Spanish
Brazil speaks?
Portuguese

7. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Governor of Darien (earliest permanent European settlement on continent)
Made good relations with natives who pointed them to a region filled with gold
Went through Isthmus of Panama – Sep. 1, 1513
After 4 weeks, saw an ocean Europeans had never known
The Sea of the South

8. Fernao de Magalhaes aka Ferdinand Magellan
Proposed around the world trip
Sep – Magellan set out on longest sea voyage in history
Began with 5 ships and 265 men
Oct – entered Strait of Magellan
Nov. 28, entered Pacific w/no idea of size
Believed ocean was only few hundred miles from Panama to Japan
How many was it really?
10,000 miles!
Very peaceful weather that they called it the “Pacific” (peaceful) Ocean
Were starving to death
19 died of scurvy
March 6, 1521 – Magellan hacked to death
Crew pushed on
1 ship, 18 sailors, and 3 natives returned back to Spain
1st to circumnavigate the globe
revealed Americas were separate continents

9. Spain and America
For more than 50 yrs., Spain had Americas to itself & became richest & most powerful nation in Europe
Spanish court gave charters to one adventurer after another
These charters would lead to interaction & conflict with some of the mightiest natives in America…

10. Hernando Cortes and the Aztecs
Cortes landed on coast of Mexico w/550 soldiers, 16 horses, & 10 brass cannon
w/in a yr. – he had subdued the Aztec empire
How could such a tiny empire destroy an entire empire?!
Cultural differences – ok?

11. Pizarro and Peru
1531 – Francisco Pizarro – landed in Peru w/sm. force of 180 soldiers & 27 horses
Civil War had just ended among Incas
New Inca, or Emperor greeted Pizarro as a friend
Inca was seized by Pizarro
Agreement made – fill room with treasures and Inca will be released
Room filled w/ 13, 625 #s of gold & 26,000 #s of silver
Inca executed
Incan capital, Cuzco taken
Empire began falling apart

12. Exploration in the present-day United States
Juan Ponce de Leon
1513: ventured to
Florida
Fountain of youth
Panfilo de Narvaez
1527: Hoped to find wealth in Florida
9 years later – survivors tell their story
Esteban and Fray Marcos
1539: Set out to find the “Seven Cities of Cibola”
Francisco de Coronado
1540: Set out to find 7 Cities and NW Passage
Hernando de Soto
Heard of 7 Cities
1539: 4 years of traveling through southeast
Fountain of Youth
If you discovered a fountain of youth, would you bathe in it? Why or why not?
Why is the idea of a fountain of youth so attractive to so many people?
How do you think society would change if a fountain of youth were discovered? For better or for worse?
Is there anything that a fountain of youth can be compared to in our society?