1. Unit 3 - Cells
Chapter 7

2. Discovering Cells
Compound Light Microscope – a series of lens that magnifies and object 1,500 times
Electron Microscope – uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify an object 500,000 times
Discovered organelles – small specialized structures inside cells

3. 2 Types of Cells
Prokaryotic – mostly unicellular and do not have membrane-bound organelles. Evolved first. Bacteria.
Eukaryotic – mostly multicellular and have membrane-bound organelles. Evolved Last. Plant and Animal Cells.

6. Plasma/Cell Membrane
Determines what goes in and out of the cell. Used for protection and support. (fluid mosaic). In both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

7. Cytoplasm
Clear, gel-like fluid inside the entire cell used as support and protection for organelles. In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

8. Nuclear Membrane
Determines what goes in and out of the nucleus. DNA doesn’t leave but RNA does.

9. Nucleus
Brain of the cell – contains all the directions to make proteins

10. Chromatin
The strands of the genetic material, DNA inside the nucleus.

11. Nucleolus
Makes the ribosomes for the cell – the center of the nucleus

12. Ribosomes The site where the cell produces proteins.
Found in the cytoplasm or the endoplasmic reticulum. In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

13. Vacuoles
A sac used to store food, enzymes, and other important materials.

14. Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes used to digest worn out organelles, food, and bad viruses

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The site of cellular chemical reactions.
Smooth ER – the production and storage of lipids
Rough ER – holds ribosomes which make proteins here

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum

17. Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell. Produces energy from sugar through chemical reactions.

18. Golgi Apparatus
Sorts proteins into packages and sends them to specific parts of the cell. Moves the materials in a small sac called a vesicle.

19. Cell Wall Only in plant cells
Rigid structure, outermost layer, provides support and protection

20. Chloroplast Only in plant cells
Photosynthesis occurs here – uses sunlight to make sugar for plants.

21. Central Vacuole
Central Vacuoles – larger and more important in plants – holds water and other nutrients

22. Cytoskeleton
Maintain the shape of the cell, anchor organelles, and tell materials where to travel within the cell

23. Cilia and Flagella
Can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Aid in the movement of cells from place to place