1. Aim: Can we see evidence of a Renaissance in the High Middle Ages?
A reenactment of the Battle of Hastings

2. I Medieval Life Was Improving!
A) 1000 – 1300 CE, the population of Europe tripled due to :
1. The switch from wooden to iron plows, and a new harness that allowed the use of oxen instead of horses.
2. An increased use of the 3 field system instead of the 2 field system Warming period (950 – 1250) helped the growth of crops.
B) Trade increased after the Crusades. 
Commercial (Business) Revolution: revival of banking

3. 3 Field System and Iron Plow  More Crops!

4. II Medieval Trade
A) Venice had a trading empire in southern Europe.

6. The main purpose of medieval trade fairs was commerce, but fairs also provided entertainment!

7. Medieval Trade Continued…
B) The Hanseatic League dominated trade in northern Europe. *Prevented pirates *Built light houses
Stockholm, Norway
Hanseatic merchant

8. Medieval Trade Continued…
C) Trade route crossings  growth of trade fairs and cities. D) With less serfs due to the Black Death, manors became less successful. Lords allowed their serfs to live in towns in exchange for rent.
Medieval City of London:
“… Alice Wade has made a wooden pipe connecting the seat of the privy [toilet]… with the gutter, which is frequently stopped up by the filth there from, and the neighbors under whose houses the gutter runs are greatly inconvenienced by the stench. Judgment that she remove the pipe within 40 days.”

9. Bruges, Belgium: Made Wool Textiles

10. IV Medieval Guilds and Universities
A) Merchants and craftsmen formed guilds. Guilds made rules to protect the quality of goods, regulate work hours, set prices, and provided social services for its members.
APPRENTICE  JOURNEYMAN  MASTER

11. Medieval Guilds and Universities Continued…
B) Due to contact with Muslims during the Crusades, there was a renewed interest in education. Medieval Universities taught grammar, rhetoric (public speaking), Latin, math, astronomy, and philosophy. NO women.
Oxford University, England, 12th Century CE

12. V Medieval England
A) After the fall of the western Roman Empire, the Angles and Saxons (Germanic tribes) invaded Britain.

13. Medieval England Continued…
B) 1066 CE King Edward the Confessor of England died without a son. Harold Godwine of England claimed the throne, but William of Normandy (northern France) claimed it too  Battle of Hastings. C) Oct 14, 1066 William “the Conqueror” crossed the English Channel and defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings.
English Channel
Harold (above) was shot in the eye with an arrow.
NORMANDY

14. Vikings Had Settled in Normandy (Northern France)

15. Medieval England Continued…
The Bayeux Tapestry was created in the 11th century CE to show the Norman conquest of England. The Bayeux Tapestry consists of 72 scenes, all hand embroidered. The entire tapestry is 250 feet long!
Norman Ships crossing the English Channel

16. Medieval England Continued…
F) William the Conqueror ruled England
1. He brought feudalism to England.
2. French became the language of the king’s court Middle English (Old Germanic English + Latin based French)
3. William created the Great Council of Norman nobles to advise him. By the 13th century the Great Council was called Parliament.
4. William the Conqueror sent government officials to count people, animals, and property for taxing. This information was recorded in the Domesday Book. It was believed the only thing more accurate than the Domesday Book would be the Last Judgment or “Doomsday”.
Alnwick, A Norman Castle

17. Medieval England Continued…
G) In 1215 the English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter). It guaranteed certain rights to the nobility:
1. The King needed consent of the nobles to collect new taxes
2. The King can’t take a noble’s property without paying for it
3. The King can’t delay justice
4. Any accused noble is entitled to a jury trial
* The King was now not above the law.
6th Amendment of the US Constitution:
“In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury… and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation...”

18. VI The 100 Years War
A) As William the Conqueror was from Normandy (northern France), later English kings claimed that France belonged to England. But French Kings claimed that England belonged to them! This led to the 100 Years War.

19. The 100 Years War Continued…
B) At first the English were winning due to their new weapon, the long bow. The French used the cross bow (a weapon first used in Asia). It was less efficient than the long bow, but required less training to master.
The long bow shoots up to 400 yards!
An archer could shoot arrows per minute!
BUT it took a lot of training to master.

20. The 100 Years War Continued…
C) At 13 years old, Joan of Arc (a peasant) heard voices of angels and saints, telling her to lead France to victory against the English.

21. The 100 Years War Continued…
D) Joan of Arc wore men’s clothes to see the French king Charles VII. He let her lead the French army. She never fought in a battle, but carried a banner to inspire the French to victory. In April of 1429, the French army led by Joan expelled the British from Orleans in only 3 days! E) May 23, 1430 Joan was seized by Burgundians (they were fighting for power against the French King). King Charles VII of France refused to pay her ransom, so she was sold to the English. F) In 1431 she was put on trial in England for heresy and witchcraft. May 30, 1431 she was burned at the stake. In 1920 Joan of Arc was canonized as a Saint.

22. A Letter by Joan of Arc to King of England
“King of England, render account to the King of Heaven of your royal blood. Return the keys of all the good cities which you have seized, to the Maid. She is sent by God to reclaim the royal blood, and is fully prepared to make peace, if you will give her satisfaction; that is, you must render justice, and pay back all that you have taken…”
– A letter by Joan of Arc to the King of England, 1428
The opening statement of her trial: "Here begin the proceedings in matter of faith against a dead woman, Jeanne, commonly known as the Maid.”

23. VII The End of Feudalism
The 100 Years war ended Oct 19, France expelled the English, increasing the power of the French King. After the war, nationalism increased in France and England.

24. HW Questions
What factors led to the growth of medieval towns and the decline of feudalism? *Include the Black Death, Crusades, and trade in your answer.
What was the purpose of medieval guilds? Do you think they would be useful in today’s society?
How did William the Conqueror become King of England? How did he change medieval England?
What was the Magna Carta and why was it important? Do you think the 6th amendment of the American Constitution is based on it? Explain your answer.
Based on the letter Joan of Arc wrote to the King of England and your knowledge of history, do you think Joan of Arc was crazy or knew what she was doing? Explain your answer.
Can we see signs of the Renaissance (the rebirth of Western Europe) in the later middle ages? Explain your answer.

25. Key Vocabulary 3 Field System Magna Carta 100 Years War Master
Apprentice
Nation State
Battle of Hastings
Nationalism
Bayeux Tapestry
Normandy
Cross Bow
Parliament
Domesday Book
Trade Fairs
Feudalism
Venetian Empire
Great Council
Medieval Warming Period
Guilds
William the Conqueror
Hanseatic League
Harold of Essex
Joan of Arc
Journeyman
King Edward the Confessor
Long Bow