1. Warm Up 2-26-15 Explain the significance of the following:
The Neutrality Acts
The Election of 1940
The Atlantic Charter

2. LEQ
How did the feder al government use propaganda to influence Americans during World War II?

3. World War II: Americans at War
(1941–1945)

4. Roosevelt gives the “4 freedoms” speech.
Click me to hear about the Four Freedoms!
Roosevelt gives the “4 freedoms” speech.
Freedom of speech
Freedom from fear
Freedom from want
Freedom of worship

5. Mobilizing the Armed Forces
In 1939, the size of the US armed forces ranked only 19th in the world (behind Portugal)
Roosevelt’s focus shifts from fighting Depression to preparing for war.

6. Sept. 1940—first peacetime draft in US history.
Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in the nation’s history. The Selective Training and Service Act required all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service.

8. defense spending raised from $2 billion to more than $10 billion in the course of a year.
More than 16 million Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and aviators in the war. They called themselves GIs, an abbreviation of “Government Issue.”

10. Women!
About 350,000 American women volunteered for military service by the war’s end. Military officials allowed them to work in almost all areas, except combat.

12. What types of jobs did women hold during WWII?
Steelworkers and welders
“Rosie the Riveter”
Better paying jobs than they were used to holding

13. How were women workers affected by WWII?
Extra money helped support their families
Proud of contributing to the war effort
Still faced obstacles
Resented by some men
Lack of child care
Earned less than men for the same work

14. Women workers - postWWII
Expected to give up their jobs for returning soldiers
Return to “normalcy”
Housewives and mothers
Womens’ mags
Advice on homemaking, cooking, and child care

15. Preparing the Economy for War
FDR pushed industries to move to making war goods.
Jan gov’t set up War Production Board
Convert from peacetime to wartime
From this….
…to THIS!

16. Examples:
--Ford converts some factories to Air force factories.
--In Wilmington – Dravo starts building landing craft while P&J make Liberty Ships!

17. Building Tanks at the Chrysler plant in Newark, DE
As the production of consumer goods stopped, factories converted to war production.
Ford Motor Company built B-24 bombers with the same assembly-line techniques used to manufacture cars.

18. Each year US increased production goals, eventually doubling the production of Axis Powers.
Helps the workforce—unemployment nearly disappears. – so long Depression!

19. Union membership increases by over 1.5 million!
after the attack on Pearl Harbor, labor and management agreed to refrain from strikes and lockouts.

20. Daily life on the homefront
Nearly everyone had a relative or friend in the military

21. War effort led to shortages on typical goods—ex metal, rubber
Shortages led to rise in reading of books and magazines, movies, and sporting events
Less travel…
Look familiar?
Scrap Metal Drive – Middletown, DE

22. FDR leads effort to advertise winning the war at home
Collection Drives— metal, fat, cloth, food, etc

23. Victory Gardens
home vegetable garden planted to add to the home food supply and replace farm produce sent to feed the soldiers.
By 1943, victory gardens produced about one third of the country’s fresh vegetables.

24. Daily Life on the Home Front
Wartime jobs gave many people their first extra cash since the Depression. Still, shortages and rationing limited the goods that people could buy.

25. The supply of food also fell short of demand.
The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established to control inflation by limiting prices and rents.
The OPA also oversaw rationing, or the fair distribution of scarce items, during the war.

26. Ration card

27. Ration stamps

29. Gas Rationing 3 to 4 gallons per week UNLIMITED!
Congress, ministers, firemen, police
3 to 4 gallons per week
8 gallons per week (military industry worker)
Truckers – 8 Gallons plus – depending on work

31. Gas Rationing

33. How To Pay for it all?

35. The government understood the need to maintain morale
The government understood the need to maintain morale. It encouraged citizens to participate in the war effort. The Office of War Information worked with the media to create posters and ads that stirred patriotism.
PROPAGANDA!

36. Propaganda Used by all sides Meant to influence your thoughts!
Instill patriotism, confidence, and a positive outlook
Or …
sought to ward off complacency with grim, scary or unromantic visions of war.

37. Propaganda
Positive or negative?

38. Germany
One People,
One Nation,
One Leader!

39. England

40. Motherland is Calling You!
Soviet Union
Motherland is Calling You!

41. Japan

42. Italy
The Fault Falls on Them!

43. The “golden age” of comics
Reflection of racist stereotypes
Propaganda for kids??

50. Airplane spotters (Georgetown)

51. Effects of WWII – African Americans
Migration from South to North
New job opportunities
Same discrimination and segregation
not as blatant as in the South
1942 – Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Founded to fight racial discrimination

53. Effects of WWII – Mexican & Native Americans
Mexican Americans
New jobs in shipbuilding & aircraft
Govt encouraged Mexicans to come to the US
Farm worker shortage
Native Americans
Moved to cities for war production jobs
New experience

54. Japanese-Americans Issei = Japanese who emigrated to America
Nisei = Their children, born in the United States and U.S. citizens.

55. Japanese Americans
At the onset of WWII there were about 120,000 Japanese Americans living in the United States
Most of them lived on the West Coast
2/3rds of those were born in the U.S.

56. After Pearl Harbor (Dec. 19, 1941) The Los Angeles Times
Prejudice grew as rumors flew of Japanese Americans being spies and saboteurs for Japan
(Dec. 19, 1941)
The Los Angeles Times

60. Executive Order 9066
February 19, 1942 FDR signed an order to establish military zones on the West Coast and to remove all Japanese Americans from there
a "military necessity" to protect against domestic espionage and sabotage

72. Life in the internment camp

73. “Loyalty Questions”
What’s the problem with answering “Yes and Yes”?
What’s the problem answering “No-No”?

84. Tula Lake

94. Proving loyalty

95. It is the most decorated unit in US military history
The 442nd regiment
Japanese-American unit
their families interned at home while they fought abroad.
It is the most decorated unit in US military history
Its 14,000 men earned over awards including 9,486 purple hearts and 21 medals of honor

96. Going home

97. On January 2, 1945, the camps began to close.
The freed internees were given $25 and a train ticket to their former homes.
The majority returned to their former lives, some of the Japanese Americans emigrated to Japan
The last internment camp was not closed until 1946

99. 1988 – Apology
"a grave injustice was done”
a signed apology from the President of the United States and a check for $20,000 was sent to each living person who had been forced to live in an internment camp during the war.