1. Researching into illegal e-waste trade in Slovenia
Ph.D. Student: Andreja Rožnik
Mentor: Professor Gorazd Meško
Faculty for Criminal Justice and Security
University of Maribor
1st AARC PhD Students Conference on Environment and Sustainable Energy 24. –

2. The purpose of the presentation
Explanation of the term e-waste
Presenation of illegal e-waste trade (routes, push and pull factors)
General facts regarding the extent of e-waste problem
Slovenia and e-waste problem
Further researching with situational prevention techniques

3. What is e-waste? EU legislation (WEEE Directive)
e-waste means “electrical or electronic equipments which is waste„ (including all components) working on batteries or electricity discarded by their owner with no intention of re-use.

4. Reasons for illegal e-waste trade?
Push factor (countries of export)
Cheap market of new e-equipment
Lack of producers responsibility
Expensive recycling systems (WEEE legislation)
Low penalties
Low level of governmental supervision
ILLEGAL EXPORT
Pull factor (countries of import)
Cheap market of e-waste (repair & sell)
Cheap recycling techniques
Extraction of precious metals & secondary raw metals
Profit of illegal e-waste import
Low or no governmental supervision

5. Omeni export countries in import countries

6. Facts about e-waste a problem?
year metric tonnes of e-waste are generated (global quantity) = 18.8 billion $ annually
only 10 to 40 % of yearly generated e-waste amount are properly recycled and disposed
global/transnational problem with severe toxic impact on human health and environment
highly profitable (as profitable as trafficking drugs)
illegal e-waste export - 1 case in England for sentencing to jail in year 2014

7. … and Slovenia?
implemented EU legislations (WEEE Directive and Regulation No. 1013/2006* (*prohibits exporting hazardous waste from EU countries into non-EU countries)
problems?
minor offence
complicated rules (legislative and regulatory provisions)
lack of effective supervision of inspectors for environment, custom representatives, police and judicial system
Minor offence – not criminal offence punished by penal sanctioning
Direktiva implementirana kot Uredba - Decree on waste electrical and electronic equipment
Sankcije:
Lažji prekršek:
 Z globo od do eurov se kaznuje za prekršek pravna oseba, ki je proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec
 Z globo od do eurov se za prekršek iz prejšnjega odstavka kaznuje samostojni podjetnik posameznik, ki je proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec
Z globo od do eurov se za prekršek iz prvega odstavka tega člena kaznuje tudi odgovorna oseba pravne osebe oziroma odgovorna oseba samostojnega podjetnika posameznika proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec
Težji prekršek:
Z globo od do eurov se kaznuje za prekršek pravna oseba, ki je proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec
Z globo od do eurov se za prekršek iz prejšnjega odstavka kaznuje samostojni podjetnik posameznik, ki je proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec
Z globo od do eurov se za prekršek iz prvega odstavka tega člena kaznuje tudi odgovorna oseba pravne osebe oziroma odgovorna oseba samostojnega podjetnika posameznika - proizvajalec/predelovalec/zbiralec

8. Further research into the problem..
understanding the extent of e-waste problem
global/transnational problem - without sustainable management, monitoring, good governance
research into e-waste illegal buisiness with help of SCP* techniques (*situational crime prevention)
can we reduce the opportunities for commiting crime (illegal e-waste trade) with situational prevention?
SCP is reducing the opportunity for commiting a crime trough
Focusing on highly specific form of crime,
Involving the management or manipulation of the environment in systematic way
Increasing the effort for commiting a crime and risks and also reducing the rewards
Reducing the excuses and provocations

9. Thank you for your attention!