1. The Internet and the World Wide Web
Chapter 3
The Internet and the World Wide Web

2. Evolution of the Internet
Largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world
From ARPANET to Internet 2
ARPANET
The predecessor of the Internet
Created in 1969 by the U. S. Dept. of Defense
Understanding Computers in a Changing Society, 5th Edition

3. Evolution of the Internet
Allowed researchers in different places to communicate with each other
Capable of sending/receiving information over a wide range
Natural disaster or nuclear attack
Connected four supercomputers at academic institutions
Eventually students were granted access
Soon a network of networks evolved into today’s Internet
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4. Evolution of the Internet
The World Wide Web
Collection of Web pages available through the Internet
Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
Originally only text-based content
Release of the Mosaic browser in 1993 led to graphical content
GUI (graphical user interface - pronounced GOOee)
Frees the user from learning complex command languages
Examples include icons; the pointer on the screen that allows you to select objects; etc.
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5. Evolution of the Internet
World Wide Web and the Internet are not owned by any person, business, or organization
Primary base, or structure, that makes up the Internet backbone is typically owned by communications companies
Cable; telephone companies
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6. Evolution of the Internet
In the Works--Internet2
Group of researchers, educators, and technology leaders from industry, government, and the international community
Dedicated to the development of revolutionary Internet technologies
So future Internet can handle tomorrow’s applications
Focused on speed—not intended to replace the current Internet
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7. Evolution of the Internet
Who Makes Up the Internet Community Today?
Users (people)
Internet Service Providers (ISP’s)
Provide access to the Internet
Includes most communication and media companies
WISP’s (wireless Internet service providers)
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8. Evolution of the Internet
Who are Internet Content Providers
Persons or organizations that provide Internet content
Businesses, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, individuals
Individual who posts their opinion on a blog
Television network that develops a link to watch past episodes online (Charter’s On Demand)
News organization that provides up-to-the-minute news (Fox)
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9. Evolution of the Internet
Application Service Providers and Web Services
Companies that manage and distribute Web-based software services over the Internet
Web-based software, Software as a Service (using online rented products--Office 365); cloud computing (G-mail; Hotmail)
Software that runs, and is accessed, on remote Internet servers rather than on local servers or personal computers
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10. Evolution of the Internet
Web Service
Business application added to a Web page to provide specific services for end users
FedEx QuickShip Web Service
Infrastructure Companies
Enterprises that own or operate the physical structure of the Internet
Conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers
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11. Evolution of the Internet
Hardware and Software Companies
Provide the hardware and software used in conjunction with the Internet and Web
Web browsers (Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Safari)
programs (Microsoft Outlook)
Companies that make network adapters, modems, cables , routers, mobile phones, computers, etc.
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12. Evolution of the Internet
Myths About the Internet
Myth 1: The Internet is Free
Most people and businesses pay an ISP for Internet access
Fee-based content is growing at a rapid pace
Music/movie downloads (iTunes)
Donation based sites (Go Fund Me; Begslist)
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13. Evolution of the Internet
Myth 2: Someone Controls the Internet
No single group or organization controls the Internet
Governments can regulate Internet use within its country, but difficult to enforce
Whatever is illegal in U. S. offline is illegal online
Users can use a 3rd party, located in another country, to circumvent the block
Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web are Identical
Internet is the physical network
WWW is the collection of Web pages available over the Internet
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14. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
What You Need
Computer, Tablet , Mobile Phone, or Gaming Device
To select the type of connection desired
Decide on the Internet service provider to be used
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15. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Types of Connection and Internet Access
Most connections today are broadband (2/3’s of homes)
Dial-up vs. Direct Connections
Dial-up connections use standard phone lines
Uses modem to dial-up ISP
Cheaper
Ties up phone lines
Relatively secure from hackers
Easy to set up and use
Widespread availability
Slow connection speed—56 Kbps (kilobits per second – 1000 bits)
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16. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Direct connections
Device is continually connected to the Internet
Access Internet using a browser—Edge, Chrome, Firefox
Typically broadband with fast speeds
Always connected
Firewall necessary
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17. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Cable
Most widely used home broadband connection (over ½ the market)
Fast, between 5 and 20 Mbps (megabits per second - 1 million bits)
Requires a cable modem
DSL
Broadband delivered over telephone lines
Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station
Transmits over telephone lines, but does not tie up the line
Typically 1 to 15 megabits/second
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18. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Satellite
Broadband option for rural areas
Slower and more expensive than cable or DSL
Requires satellite modem and transceiver dish
Up to 2 megabits/second
Fixed Wireless
Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites
Uses Wi-Fi or WiMAX
Speeds up to about 6 megabits/second
But speed depends on distance between tower and customer, and the obstacles in path
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19. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Broadband over Fiber (BoF)
Over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building
Most often installed by telephone companies (FiOS)
Fast
Requires special networking equipment
5 to 50 megabits/second
Mobile Wireless
Access via a mobile phone or mobile tablet
Requires a data plan
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20. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
High speed Internet that uses an antenna
on a house to communicate
with a tower location via radio signals.
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21. Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Wi-Fi Hotspots
Public wireless networks (Wi-Fi)
Free and fee-based
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22. Searching the Internet
Search Sites
Web sites designed to help users search for Web pages
Match specified keywords or selected categories
Use a search engine (software program) in conjunction with a database to locate specific Web pages
Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, etc.
Databases updated regularly (Google monthly)
Programs, called spiders or Web crawlers, jump from page-to-page recording important information
Real-time search engines emerging
The ChaCha Search page uses human guides you can chat with for help
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23. Searching the Internet
Keyword Search
Keywords are typed in a search box or address bar to locate information
Matching Web pages are called hits
The number of “hits” from one site to another vary
Sites also differ in the order hits are displayed
Most popular sites – number of Web pages that link to it OR
Sponsored sites first – organizations that pay for a higher ranking
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24. Searching the Internet
Directory Search
Uses lists of categories to locate information online
Click the category you are looking for
Displays list of more specific lists
Then you can drill down to even more specific lists
Search Site Tools
Links next to the search bar to search for music files, image files, maps, people, telephone numbers, etc.
Google
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25. Searching the Internet
Using Boolean Operators
Use AND, OR, and NOT to further refine a search
Check the search site being used to see what operators can be used on the site
Persian cats NOT black
Using Multiple Search Sites
Different search sites can return different results, so try another site if you’re not getting what you want
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26. Searching the Internet
Using Appropriate Keywords, Synonyms, Variant Word Forms, and Wildcards
Synonyms are different words that mean the same thing
Use hotel or motel for bed and breakfast
Variant word forms are variations of your keywords, alternate spellings, etc.
Hand signaling for hand signal
Wildcards, such as *, can be used to search for keyword patterns
Hand sign* would result in a search for hand sign, hand signal, hand signals, hand signaling, etc.
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27. Searching the Internet
Search Strategies
Using Phrases
Phrase searching is typing more than one keyword in a keyword search
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28. Searching the Internet
Evaluating Search Results
Does the title and listed description sound appropriate for the information you are seeking?
Is the URL from an appropriate company or organization?
You should also evaluate:
The author
The source
Determine if reliable or biased
The date
Many online articles are years old
Verify online information with a second source
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29. Searching the Internet
Citing Internet Resources
To avoid plagiarism, proper citation procedures should be used for all Internet content used in a paper, book, or on a Web site
Citation should include
Author
Date of publication
Article or Web page title
“Retrieved” statement listing the date the article was retrieved from the Internet and the URL used
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30. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Other Types of Online Communications
Instant Messaging (IM) and Text Messaging
Instant Messaging (or chat)
Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo! Google Talk
Exchanging real-time messages
Can be used for a voice or video call, playing games, sending files and photos, etc.
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31. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Text Messaging (Short Message Service or SMS)
Mobile phones send short messages via cellular service
If message includes photos, video, or audio, called Multimedia Message Service (MMS)
Beginning to replace for personal communication
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32. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Twittering and Social Networking Updates
Referred to as microblogging
Users post short updates called tweets (up to 140 characters)
Can be sent via text message, IM, or , and are posted on member’s Twitter page
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33. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Message Boards
For asking questions of, making comments to, or initiating discussions with a large group of people
Participants post and read messages about TV shows, music, politics, etc.
Posted messages are displayed for all to see
Participants can respond to the message and stay within the thread (topic), or start a new thread
Can be answered at your convenience
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34. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Making telephone calls over the Internet
Computer-to-computer
Skype, IM, etc.
More permanent VoIP setups replace landline phones
Require broadband Internet connection and a VoIP adapter (Vonage)
Relatively inexpensive—as little as $25 per month
Does not work when Internet connection or power is out
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35. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Web Conferences and Webinars
Web Conference
Face-to-face meeting (videoconferencing) taking place over the Internet
Takes place using a personal computer or mobile phone
Used for employee training, sales presentations, etc.
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36. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Webinar
A seminar presented over the Web
Typically more one-way communication than a Web conference, but often question and answer period
Webcast
A completely one-way presentation—pre-recorded
Social Networking
Social Networking Site
Site that enables a community of individuals to communicate and share information
MySpace, Facebook, etc.
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37. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
YouTube and Flickr
Enables video and photo sharing
LinkedIn
To recruit employees, find jobs, etc.
Sites are increasingly monitored by colleges and employers
Be careful not to post anything that might be potentially embarrassing
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38. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Shopping and Investing (E-commerce)
Online financial transactions
Order products, pay bills, buy and sell stock
Precautions
Be sure all e-commerce activities are performed over a secure Web server (
Use a credit card or online payment service whenever possible
PayPal
Online Shopping and Auctions
Buying products or services online
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39. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Auctions
Sellers list items (eBay)
Can bid until auction closes
Winning bidder arranges payments and delivery with seller
Seller pays auction fees
Online classified adds
Craigslist
Online Banking and Online Investing
Online Banking
Performing banking activities over the Web
Transfer funds, deposit checks, check your balances, etc.
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40. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Investing
Buying and selling stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc., online
Lower transaction fees
Ability to buy and/or sell quickly
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41. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Entertainment
Online Music
Music played or obtained over the Web - Pandora
Online radio stations
Listen to music live - iHeartRadio
Online music subscription service
Used to purchase and download music singles and albums in digital format, legally
iTunes
Number of online music users predicted to reach 178 million by 2015
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42. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online TV, Videos, and Movies
Online videos
YouTube
Online TV
Live or recorded TV shows available over the Web
CNN.com Live, Xfinity
Online movies –
Internet Movie Base
IMDb
Video-on-demand (VoD)
CinemaNow, NetFlix
The process of downloading movies and television shows, on demand, over the Web
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43. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Gaming
Playing games over the Internet with multiple players
Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox
Often associated with Internet addiction
Inability to stop using the Internet and interfering with other aspects of one’s life
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44. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online News, Reference, and Information
News and Reference Information
News
Available through Web sites belonging to news organizations, television networks, newspapers, magazines, etc. – telegram.com; people.com
Usually updated on a continual basis
Growing trend is to abandon print subscriptions and provide Web-only service
Cost
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45. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Reference Sites
Phone and address directories, weather, maps, home values (zillow.com), encyclopedias, dictionaries (dictionary.com), medical (webmd.com), etc.
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46. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Podcasts (from the name iPod)
Recorded audio or video file that can be played or downloaded over the Web
Prepared by individuals, businesses, and for education
Share knowledge, original poems, songs, or short stories; express opinions
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47. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Product, Corporate, Government, and Other Information
Available online
Product specifications
Instruction manuals
Tax forms
Government publications
Legislative bills
Non-profit organizations, political parties, etc., also available
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48. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Education and Writing
Web-Based Training (WBT)
Instruction delivered on an individual basis over the Web
Corporate training, tutorials, distance learning, etc.
Distance Learning
Students take classes from a location which is different from the one where the instruction takes place
Class Web pages, YouTube videos, Webinars, Podcasts, discussion groups,
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49. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Advantages
Self-paced instruction
Flexible location
Up-to-date material
Immediate feedback
Customized content
Disadvantages
Technology requirements and problems
No computer; Internet connection down
Lack of face-to-face contact
Is the right student taking the exam
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50. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Online Testing
Taking tests over the Internet
Graded automatically
Security is an issue
Securexam Remote
Proctor system does fingerprint scan, and then captures real-time audio and video during the exam
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51. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Blogs (or Web log), Wikis, and Other Types of Online Writing
Blogs
Web page that contains short, frequently updated entries in chronological order
Usually by just one individual—a means of expression
Blogging software available to easily create, publish, and update blobs (blogger.com)
May contain text, photo, and video clips
Some bloggers are paid to endorse products
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52. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Wikis (Hawaiian phrase “wiki wiki” meaning quick
Web page designed to be edited and republished by a variety of individuals (can be password protected)
Wikipedia is largest
Carefully evaluate content, as irresponsible individuals can enter erroneous information
E-portfolios
Collection of individual’s work accessible over the Web
Used as a job hunting tool
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53. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Some countries block some Internet content
To hinder spread of information from political opposition
To filter out material determined to be offensive
To protect national security
Internet and cell phone service was shut down for a week in Egypt in 2011 because of mounting political unrest
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54. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Some countries have attempted to regulate Internet content
Difficulty defining “offensive” and “indecent”
Communications Decency Act passed in 1996 to protect children, but Supreme Court overruled the law in 1997
Difficult finding a fair balance between protection and censorship
Children’s Internet Protection Act passed in 2003, amongst opposition, which blocks children's access in libraries to inappropriate material
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55. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Internet Filtering
Using software or browser options to block access to particular Web pages, or types of Web pages
Offensive language, sex/pornography, racism, drugs, or violence
Used by individuals, schools, employers, public computers, etc.
Can use browser settings
Microsoft Edge’s Content Adviser OR
Special filtering software
NetNanny, Safe Eyes, Safe Sweeper
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56. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Web Browsing Privacy
Encompasses what information about individuals is available, how it is used, and by whom
Cookies
Small files stored on the user’s hard drive by a Web server
Used to identify return visitors and their preferences
Cookie information can be personally identifiable
Connected to a person’s name or address OR
Non-personally identifiable
Product pages viewed or ads clicked on
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57. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Cookie data can be viewed or deleted
Turning cookies off completely may make it impossible to put items in a cart on some sites
Cookie settings can be changed, and software can be used to manage cookies
May allow the use of regular cookies, but blocks third-party cookies
Code stored in browsers that allow third-party marketing firms to track browsing habits
Private browsing option allows you to search without leaving any history
Good for public computer use
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58. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Spyware and Adware
Spyware
Software installed without users knowledge that transmits data secretly through the user’s Internet connection
Sometimes used by advertisers to gather marketing information
Can slow the computer down, or change browser settings
Used by criminals to gather personal data stored on your computer
Can be blocked and/or removed using security software
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59. Censorship and Privacy Issues
Adware
Software supported by onscreen advertising
Often included in free programs
Does not gather information
Is not installed without user’s consent
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60. Censorship and Privacy Issues
What They Know: Advertising Cookies And You
Public Wi-Fi Network Safety Explained in a Nutshell
You Posted That on Facebook?
Ellen's Been on Your Facebook Page!
min.; min min. (funny—Ellen Show) min. (funny-Ellen Show)
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