1. Internet Enabled AI and Big Data Applications in Service of Society
Raj Reddy
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Nov
Talk at 3rd World Internet Conference, Wuzhen China

2. Celebrating The 50 Years of Internet
ARPANET was born around 1968
Internet, i.e., the Network of Networks emerged around 1977
50 Years Incredible Growth of Internet is Made Possible by Exponential Advances in
Processing Power
Memory
Bandwidth
High Speed Internet, in Turn, Has Enabled Dramatic Advances in AI, Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics, Leading to
Spoken Language Personal Intelligent Assistants such as Siri, Cortana, and Alexa
Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels
Leading to Societal Applications to Help The 3B Semiliterate People at The Bottom of the Pyramid

3. Exponential Growth: Million Times More Computing Power in 3 Decades
Over The Last 3 Decades, Computational Power Available to Each of Us Has Increased by A Factor Of Million
Going from PCs, Workstations and Minis to Smart Phones (iPhones, iPads) and Cloud Computing
We may expect another factor of Million improvement in computational power over the next 3 decades
Providing everyone on the planet with
unlimited processing power,
unlimited memory and
unlimited bandwidth
for less than the price of a cup of coffee a day

4. Trends in Computing Power

5. Million Times More Computing Power

6. Hard Disk Drive Capacity http://http://blog. fosketts

7. Hard Disk Drive Capacity Doubles Every 15 Months Aerial Density and Average Sales Price (Cost $/TB)

8. Optical Bandwidth Doubles Every 12 Months http://www. economist

9. Breakthroughs in AI, Big Data, and Deep Learning Enable New Applications that can Help 3B People at the Bottom of The Pyramid
Over The Last Three Decades, Computational Power Has Increased By A Factor Of Million Leading To Breakthroughs In AI And Big Data Such As Deep Learning.
Another Factor Of Million Improvement In Computational Power Over The Next 3 Decades
Providing Everyone On The Planet Unlimited Processing Power, Memory And Bandwidth
Enabling New Applications that can Help 3B People at the Bottom of The Pyramid

10. Bottom of the Pyramid Represents 3 Billion People with Incomes of less than $2.5 a day
The Bottom of The Pyramid is The Largest, But Poorest Socio-economic Group.
Globally that is the 3 billion people who earn less than $2.50 per day.
Most of Them Are Also Semi-literate, i.e., Cannot Read, Write and/or Understand Any Language
Cannot use Keyboard or Touch based Computing Apps
If You Are a Semi-literate Person on The Planet that Only Acceptable Mode of Communication is Speech
Voice Computing a la Siri, Cortana and Alexa is the Key
Innovation and Emerging Industries are needed to reach the 3B Semi-literate Populations of The World Who Are A Major Untapped Market For IT Companies

11. Voice Computing: Internet Enabled AI and Big Data Application To Help 3 Billion People at the Bottom of the Pyramid

12. Voice Computing
Voice Computing (No Keyboard or Touch) Can Help The Semiliterate to Read Newspapers, Watch Foreign Language Movies, Listen to Khan Academy Lectures, Order Groceries Online, Banking Online, and Vote Online
A Mobile App for Entertainment and Education
Dynamic Real-time Translation of a Video Dialog from English to Telugu
Text to Speech App for Newspaper Reading Assistant
Ecommerce and eBanking
Voice Authentication, Authorization and Audit
Learning Without a Teacher
Tutor for Listening and Speaking English
Enabling Digital Democracy
Vote Online (Authentication, Authorization and Audit)
Illiterate Populations Will be the Biggest Source of Customers for Speech Based Apps in the Future

13. Technology of Voice Computing
Speech to Speech Exists (Microsoft, Facebook and Others)
BTW, Current Implementations are Based on Incorrect Business Assumptions
Available only for Commercial Languages
English to Chinese Speech to Speech Translation Demonstrated in 2012
Text Based “Translate” App of 2016 has to become Speech Based
Languages Supported Based on Commercial Viability
Not Need based
Unlikely to result in Killer Apps
User Interface Tailored to Semi-literate Populations
1 Minute Learning Time; Two clicks; and Spoken Dialog
No Keyboard or Touch
Require Speech Recognition, Speech Synthesis, Spoken Dialog, and Speech to Speech Translation
Speech to Speech Translation
Entertainment (Movies) and Education (Khan Academy)
Translate Live Dialog
QA Dialog (Siri and Cortana)
eCommerce and eBanking
English Language Learning - Detect Pronunciation Errors

14. Typical Use of Voice Computing App “Asha”
Asha is an Intelligent Agent That Anticipate What You Want To Do And Helps You To Do It Using Local Language and Clarification Dialog
Entertainment and Education: Streaming Video Translation
Asha play Hamlet (BBC Shakespeare)
Reading Newspapers: Text to Speech Translation and/or Synthesis
Asha read Eenadu
Buying and Selling: Voice Dialog Management
Asha order milk and bread
Banking: Monitor Bank account, Pay Bills
Asha charge my mobile device with 1000 rupees
Communication: Voice and/or Video , Chat
Asha call my Grandson in Seattle
Online Voting
Voice Dialog to enable the Voting Process

15. Architecture of Voice Computing App “Asha”
Asha is a Mobile App for Customized for Each Person
Designed to be Non-intrusive, Autonomic, and Device Independent
Always On, Always Present and Always Working
Always Learning
Enduring (Life-Long)
Asha Monitors, Analyzes and Learns From Experience;
Learn From Own Experience And Experience of Others
And share knowledge with a community of Ashas
Automated Discovery of Data and Information Sources
Sharing Data Among Asha Apps: Data, suitably anonymized, can be used to learn appropriate responses for every situation
Learning preferences by observing user choices,
Learning by task similarity and user similarity,
Learning by error correction and
Simply learning thru clarification dialog ( does that mean yes? Would you care to define it?).

16. Next Steps…
No Single Company Can Afford To Make Significant Investments in Orphan Languages
Partner with Local Governments
Industry Provides Technology, Develops and Maintains Apps
Local Government Pays for Data Collection and Deployment
Initially Worth Considering for Populations of 20 million or More In The First Phase
China: Major Dialects
India: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarathi, Kannada,
Africa: Arabic, Swahili, Berber, Hausa
“Asha” Will Become A Lifeline And Used Everyday
Even literate members of the region will use it

17. Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels: Internet Enabled AI and Big Data Application

18. Data Being Collected Can Also Be Used For The Good of Society
If You Use The Internet Everyday, E.G., Use A Smart Phone, All Your Actions Are Collected Continuously
Data on Daily Activities is Being Recorded and Stored Forever
s, Phone calls, Text Messages, Online Shopping behavior
Webcams and other Surveillance Devices Everyday Track
track your movements, actions and speech in streets, in shops, in offices and even at your home
At Present Such Data is Accessible to Governments and Big Corporations, Usually Under Appropriate Safeguards
Unfortunately, hackers can also access and sell such data to malicious actors.
Same Data Can Also Be Used to Help Every Person on The Planet By Creating Enduring Personal Intelligent Assistants
Enabled by AI and Big Data Technologies

19. Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels
Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels are two families of intelligent Agents that help with scarcity of attention problem
A Cognition Amplifier is a Personal Enduring Autonomic Intelligent Agent that anticipates what you want to do and helps you to do it with less effort
Buying and selling: Transact with multiple providers
Filter spam, understand and respond to actionable
News: Based on topic preferences, novelty, collaborative filtering
Banking: Monitor bank account, Credit Cards, Pay Bills
Travel: Flights, hotel, schedule disruptions, cancellations
A Guardian Angel is a Personal Enduring Autonomic Intelligent Agent that Discovers And Warns You About Unanticipated Events That Could Impact Your Safety, Security, and Happiness
Just-in-Time Warnings: Hurricanes, Tornados, Tsunami, Earthquakes, Flooding, Extreme Weather
Accident Alerts and Rerouting; Transport Strikes
Scarcity of Essential Resources: Food, Energy, Water etc.
Thousands of Cogs and Gats as Personal Assistants?

20. Architecture of Cogs and Gats
Cogs and Gats are Mobile Apps (like a shadow) for Each Person on the Planet
Unlike APPs of today, Cogs are Mass-customized to Each Individual
Designed to be Non-intrusive, Autonomic, and Device Independent
Always On, Always Present and Always Working
Always Learning
Enduring (life-long)
Cogs and Gats Monitor, Analyze and Learn From Experience;
Learn From Own Experience And Experience of Others
And share knowledge with a community of Cogs and Gats
Automated Discovery of Data and Information Sources
Data, suitably anonymized, can be used to learn appropriate responses for every possible situation by
Learning preferences by observing user choices,
Learning by task similarity and user similarity,
Learning by error correction and
Simply learning thru clarification dialog ( does that mean yes? Would you care to define it?).

21. In Conclusion
Over the Next Few Decades, We Can Expect Another Million-fold Increase in Computational Power, Resulting in Access to
Much More Power at the Same Cost, or
Same Power at Much Lower Cost
Personal Data Already Being Gathered by Governments and Corporations, suitably anonymized, can be used in Conjunction with AI and Big Data Analytics Tools, to Learn Appropriate Responses for Every Possible Situation by
Learning preferences by observing user choices,
Learning by task similarity and user similarity,
Learning by error correction and
Simply learning thru clarification dialog ( does that mean yes? Would you care to define it?)
This Power Can Be Used To Create Voice Enabled Personal Intelligent Assistants for Everyone on the Planet Such as Asha, Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels