1. The presidency
“Make him too weak: the Legislature will usurp his powers, make him too strong: he will usurp on the Legislature”

2. Constitutional Requirements
Qualifications
Art. II
“natural-born citizen”
14 years of US residency
35 years of age

3. [ 5.1 ] The Presidency—An Overview

4. Terms of Office Elected by Electoral College 4 years
22nd Amendment limits the office to 2 terms (Republicans did not want another FDR for 4 terms)
25th Amendment Presidential Succession, Vice President vacancy, Presidential disability

5. Presidential Succession and Disability

6. Constitutional Powers
Powers/duties are very limited
“executive power” – enact/enforce law
Military Power
Diplomatic Power
Appointment Power
Veto Power

7. War Powers - President Commander in Chief of the Army & Navy
Commander in Chief of the state militias (now the National Guard)
Commission all officers
Appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls
Make treaties subject to senate confirmation
Receive ambassadors

8. Examples of Commander in chief
Power to make war
Military operations and strategy
Presidents from military backgrounds
Power to use nuclear weapons –
Truman is the only one who has, while others have considered the option (Nixon – tactical nukes in N. Vietnam)
Control problems within the country

9. The President's Many Roles
At a meeting with President-elect Obama and former Presidents George H.W. Bush, Clinton, and Carter in 2009, President George W. Bush noted that 'the office itself transcends the individual.'

10. Diplomatic Power
Create treaties with foreign nations with Senate permission, 2/3 Senate approval (advice and consent)
Executive agreement – not permission needed, deal between heads of state, not binding to next administration
Diplomatic Recognition – power to officially recognize foreign gov as legit
Ex – USSR not recognized
Ex s – China not recognized

11. Chief Legislator
President can propose bills and must sign bills into law.
Presents his agenda to Congress in the annual State of the Union address.
Tools of Presidential Lawmaking
Give out political favors for congressional support
Veto power Difficult for Congress to override and usually a threat of veto will kill the bill

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The Veto Power
Pocket veto (10 days before Congress adjourns at the end of its second session)
Bill can’t be carried over into the next session
Congress rarely overrides vetoes
Line-item veto- unconstitutional
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. Chief Executive/Administrator
Acts as the boss of federal government workers in 15 executive departments.
These departments help the President carry out, enforce,
or execute the law.

14. Chief of Party
Presidents help members of their party get elected or appointed to office.
Head of fund-raising for the party.
Political patronage – rewards, with jobs and contracts, those who support president and party during election

15. Informal powers
Executive Orders are generally used to direct federal agencies and officials in their execution of congressionally established laws or policies.
Executive agreements – means of making an agreement with a foreign power that does NOT require the approval of Congress, but must relate to previous treaty
“imperial presidency”
i.e. “National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness”.  The order gives the president the power to take control of all domestic energy supplies for the purpose of protecting national security, as well as, delegating greater power to each cabinet member to achieve this.

16. Presidential Leadership
Perception that the voters strongly support the president’s leadership and policies
Mandates are infrequent, but presidents may claim a mandate anyway

17. Presidential Succession and Disability
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as President aboard Air Force One, just 38 minutes after the death of President John F. Kennedy.

19. Running the Government: The Chief Executive

20. Presidential Powers Executive military legislative diplomatic judicial
Role
Formal /enumerated
Informal
Congressional check
Executive
Appointment of cabinet and bureaucratic positions
Executive orders
Directives
Senate confirmation of “principal officers”
Congressional oversight
military
Commander in Chief
Power to respond to hostilities/ attacks w/out congressional approval
Ability to use UN to avoid congressional approval.
Power to declare war/ raise armies
War powers resolution
Power of the purse
legislative
State of the Union recommend measures
Veto
Convene and adjourn clause
Signing statements
Bully pulpit
Veto override
diplomatic
Appointment/receiving of ambassadors
Sign treaties
Executive agreements
Senate confirms appointments
Ratify treaties
judicial
Pardons/ reprieves
appoint justices
Senate Confirms appointments

21. B. They wanted to ensure that the President would be well-educated.
Quiz: Qualifications for the Presidency
Why did the Framers set a qualification for the presidency related to citizenship?
A. They wanted to ensure that anyone who could vote for President was also eligible to become President.
B. They wanted to ensure that the President would be well-educated.
C. They wanted to be sure that even people born abroad could become President.
D. They wanted to ensure that the President would be a U.S. citizen, without loyalties to any other country.

22. Quiz: The Presidential Term of Office
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt, and how is he related to the 22nd Amendment?
A. He succeeded President McKinley and was the youngest President ever to hold office.
B. He was elected President four times, resulting in the passage of the 22nd Amendment.
C. He was elected President and championed the ideal of the presidency as 'a place of moral leadership.'
D. He was President from 1913 to 1920 and served as the nation's commander in chief during World War I.

23. [ 5.2 ] The Vice President and the First Lady

24. Office of the Vice President
“…the most insignificant office that the invention of man contrived…” John Adams
“… not worth a warm bucket of spit” Nance Garner
President of the senate
Votes only to break ties
Takes over the presidency if the President cannot finish term
12th Amendment – voters choose President and VP together
Previous to 1804, the losing candidate became VP
Each President decides how to use the VP

25. The Structure and Function of the Vice Presidency

26. The First Lady
The First Lady is a very visible national figure. Here, First Lady Michelle Obama appears with former First Ladies Laura Bush, Hillary Clinton, Barbara Bush, and Rosalynn Carter.

27. Quiz: The Structure and Function of the Vice Presidency
Which of the following BEST illustrates how the vice presidency has changed in recent years?
A. Presidents are no longer required to get congressional approval to fill vice presidential vacancies.
B. Recent Presidents have chosen Vice Presidents as a way to 'balance the ticket.'
C. Recent Vice Presidents have attended strategy meetings and taken on greater responsibilities.
D. Vice Presidents today are no longer 'Presidents-in-waiting' but instead are key presidential advisors.

28. Which of the following BEST describes the role of First Ladies today?
Quiz: The First Lady
Which of the following BEST describes the role of First Ladies today?
A. ceremonial figures
B. policy makers
C. managers of communications to the President
D. advocates of particular policies and positions