1. Globalization and challenges in studying the topologies in education policy: Can Appadurai take 'network ethnography' a step further?
Rino Wiseman Adhikary
PhD Student
School of Education
The University of Queensland
Transforming Education Research
Australian Association for Research
in Education Conference 2016
27 November to 01 December, 2016

2. The problem
“Not everything that can be counted counts,
and not everything that counts can be counted.”
…Albert Einstein
⚈ In doing ‘network ethnography’ on global policy networks, what should count as relevant and systematic data when it comes to designing the field work?
⚈ How can a researcher take support of relevant theory/ies in determining that worth and relevance of data?

3. Unpredictable categories
What follows through?
Globalization’s altering influence on the way education policy is done and perceived
Network ethnography as a response to some of the key methodological challenges facing the rise of global policy networks
Descriptive vs Analytical
How?
Some technical challenges in planning the field work in network ethnography
Unpredictable categories
Appadurai (1996/2006) as the theoretical scaffolding for fieldwork in network ethnography

4. Mechanisms, arrangements, organisations and processes
Globalization and education policy
Global Education Policy Field
(Lingard 2009; Rizvi & Lingard, 2010)
Transnationals
Multinational Corporations
Interstate Organisations
Global Advocacy Networks
Global conferences
Global Foundations
National Governments
Regional organisations
Multilateral Banks
Family Philanthropy
Global Data
Global Media
Global Celebrities
Policy Think Tanks
International Legally Binding Covenants & Treaties
Government to governance
to network governance
(Rhodes, 1997; Rosenau, 1997; Lingard 2009; Ball, 2012; Ball & Junemann, 2012 )
Mechanisms, arrangements, organisations and processes
National Systems
Rescaling of contemporary Politics
(Brenner, 2004; Robertson & Dale, 2008; Lingard 2009)
Manifests ‘politics of place’
Unleashing topological connectivities (relationships based)
Placement of practice/policy through connected relationships
Governance
Sharing of authority with non-state actors
(Rhodes, 2009; Ball, 2012)
Global
Heterarchical
Interactive authority
Governance by and through networks
Multi actor-network facilitation by state.
(Rhodes, 2009; Ball, 2012)
Network
Governance
Sets of resource dependent organisations and actors (Rhodes, 2009; Ball, 2012)

5. Network Ethnography to study policy networks
(Hogan, 2015; Ball & Junemann, 2012, p. 13; Howard, 2002)
Teach for America/All

6. Network Ethnography to study policy networks
(Hogan, 2015; Ball & Junemann, 2012, p. 13; Howard, 2002)
Teach for Bangladesh
Sociogram for Teach for All/America/Bangladesh Policy Network

7. Teach for Bangladesh Policy Network Contents
Nodes/Vertices
● UK/US/other country locations
○ Bangladesh locations
● Of global reach
Edges
▄_a. Countries and places
▄_b. Global/local policy networks, think tanks, organisations and initiatives and forums
▄_c. Universities, training institutes and centres
▄_d. News dailies, TV channels, Global media and web news agencies
▄_e. TfB Partners & supporting organisations
▄_f. Personal relations, individuals, supporters and promoters
***Nodal size indicates the extent of influence and importance of interaction.
Personal motivations and influences
Knowledge/experience sharing
Corporate philanthropy/partnership
Leadership resource person
Recruitment and promotional events
Venue provision for TfB events and Winter Academy
Open support/promotion through media
Inaugural and other speeches
Acknowledged role in establishing TfB
Pre/Tertiary education
Sources of policy ideas and operational know how
Training and mentoring for TfB staff or fellows
Supervision and administrative/directorial roles within TfB
Publishing about TfB/TfAll achievements and events
Attending/representing global conferences
Speech/ anchoring/ pannelist
Expression of soliderity and unison
Awards/recognition of work
TfB official announcements of events, achievements and messages
TfB Youth attraction and call for action
Talk show/interview
Large global philanthropic/financial grants

8. But the aim is bigger than description!
⚈ Identifying actors and organisations ⚈ Snap shotting their relationships ⚈ Making categorised account of the relationship-contents
But the aim is bigger than description!
⚈ Understanding the context (Connecting global to local)
⚈ Critiquing the texts and discourses
⚈ Anticipating the consequences
⚈ Identifying the losers and the winners of the new developments and rearrangements
Interview and observation based field work
⚈ What should be the overarching categories of data?
⚈ What should I look at in the field to reach to what I am looing for?

9. Appadurai 1996 as a way through
What could be the broader categories of content of the flows that give substance to the topological environment of network governance? Can I single them out as separate but interactive spheres?
Economy Politics Culture
Technoscape
Ideoscape
Mediascape
Financescape
Ethnoscape
Global political economy as disjuncture between economy, politics and culture (Appadurai, 1996, 2006)

10. Strategy for data collection Categories of data to be
Proposed Analytical framework using Appadurai 1996
Strategy for data collection
Categories of data to be
collected
Theories and concepts used to analyse generative themes and their meaning
Method
Ethnoscape
-Migration and mobilities
-Personal motivation
-Organizations and events
Teach for All Network New Philanthropy Social Entrepreneurship
Ethnoscape
Ideoscape
Mediascape
Financescape
Technoscape
Financescape
-Sources of funding
-Spread and usage of funding
-Future plan for funding
Relevant theories
Ethnographic Analysis; Document analysis; Media analysis  
Local policy landscape
Mediascape
-Core types of media used
-Purposes of media usage
-Discourses in media usage
Technoscape
-Core types of technology used
-Sources of Technologies
-Purposes of technology usage
Ideoscape
-Core ideas, concepts and theories
-Sources and ideological link
-Link between ideas and activities