2. Unit IV ( )

3. The Columbian Exchange
Transatlantic transfer
Foods
Animals
Technology
People
Diseases
Ideas? (think Unit V)

4. Affects of the CE:
Old World population (Urban)
Commercial interests in cash crops (joint- stock)
New World population
95% in first 100 years (J. Diamond)

5. Two (three) major products
Silver & Sugar (& chocolate)
Brazil, Central and South America
Brazil and Saint Dominque
(Central America)
Who “owns” what?
Who got to the Pacific first?
Spanish control of colonies (encomienda system)

6. Need for labor systems
Mi’tah (Mita)
Sugar and silver – harsh
Pacific access – Spanish “control” of the Pacific
Ming China & Ottoman Empires (silver)
Spain -> Philippines
Global Empires

7. A “New” Spanish Social Structure
“New” peoples of the New World
Peninsulares (Spanish from Spain) (Viceroys)
Crillos (creoles) – Spanish born in the New World
Mestizos (M = E + NA)
Mulattos (Mu = E + A)
Native Americans

8. What happens when the indigenous population dies out?
What labor system replaces the “old” labor?

9. The Atlantic System Starts in Africa Old to New kingdoms:
Ghana & Mali diminish
Trans-Saharan trade – salt & gold
West Coast – Slave kingdoms
Kongo
Trade with Portuguese
What was traded?

10. King Alfonso I
Mass conversion to Catholicism
Slave trade
Portuguese overreach and the fall of Kongo
Portuguese -> Ndongo (Angola)
Portuguese overreach – again?
Queen Nzinga
Who wins and why?

11. The Atlantic System
Slave systems in Africa
African – kingdoms: Flourish or resist?
Portuguese and the Slave system
Massive forced migrations from West Africa
Europe, Africa, North & South America – difference from 1450 to 1750

13. Forced or coercive labor systems
Native American
West African
Russian serfdom

14. The New World Economic reform – banking and the Church
Joint-Stock – pooling resources
Mass profits from New World – why?
New Middle Class
Joint-stock and royalty – charter colonies
Jamestown
Monopolies in trade – Muscovy Company

15. Mercantilism and the “favorable balance of trade”
Goal: Export > Import
Competition for colonies
Who got screwed?
Colonies!
Reasons for eventual revolution
Cultural and economic

16. European rivalries
Asia and the New World
Spanish – Philippines
Portuguese – Goa and Asia
Dutch versus the Portuguese
Dutch control of Spice trade
England and France – India
France in SE Asia

17. China and Japan
Extreme isolation
Which leads us to the…..

18. Land Empires of the Old World
The Gunpowder Empires
Ottoman, Safavid, & Mughal
Turkey, Iran, & India
Sunni, Shia, & Sunni
Use of gunpowder

19. “Great” Names Ottoman Mughal Osmen Bey -> Mehmet II
Istanbul & Expansion
Selim I (1512) & the Janissaries
Suleiman I (Suleyman the Magnificent)
Vienna
Tamurlane – false start
Babur – > Delhi Sultanate
Unifies sub-continent
Islam & Hindu
Akbar – – religious tolerance
Result of cooperation -> Shah Jahan

20. Which one would last? Two developments that brought down the Mughals
Aurangzeb
Europeans
Portugal – da Gama – “Christians and Spices”
Coastal dominance by Europeans
1660’s – British dominance of coastal India
What event caused Britain’s domination of India?
Industrial Revolution
Queen Victoria

21. The Safavids
Modern Day Iran
Important to note: Shia
How far has the chasm between Sunni and Shia reached?
Safavid alliances with European nations
You are responsible for the Safavids

22. Ming China and the cause for Isolation
1368 – Mongols get the boot
Ming Dynasty –
Strong centralized government
Confucian principles
Civil Service Exam
Goal -> Chinese culture

23. Zheng He & the Fleet
Coast of China to the East coast of Africa
Why did China stop?
Biggest issue – sluggish economy
Goal -> replace paper money with silver
Silver from Japan
Silver from New World
Spanish and the Philippines

24. “Single-whip” system of economics based on silver
Did it work?
Yes and no
16th century - Ming in decline
Outside influences – Macao (Portugal)
Famine and peasant revolts
Qing help?
1644 – Qing (Manchu) Dynasty

25. Gender Issues