1. Beta decay spectroscopy studies of novae and x-ray bursts
Chris Wrede Department of Physics and Astronomy National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Michigan State University
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Catania, Italy
June 20th, 2017

2. Outline Are pre-solar “nova” grains from novae?
b decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S
Conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts?
b decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

3. SiC Grain from Murchison meteorite
Pre-solar grains
~1 micron
SiC Grain from Murchison meteorite
L. Nittler,
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

4. Classical novae Nova Cygni 1992 (in 1994) NASA, ESA, HST
S. Starrfield et al., (1971, 1972)
J. Jose et al., Nucl. Phys A777, 550 (2006)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

5. Pre-solar nova grain candidates
Andrew M. Davis, PNAS (2011)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

6. Nucleosynthesis in novae
J. Jose, Proceedings of Science, NIC XI 050 (2011)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

7. What should a SiC nova grain look like?
J. Jose et al. Astrophys. J. 612, 414 (2004)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

8. Populating 30P(p,g)31S resonances with 31Cl decay
NSCL Experiment 12028, C. Wrede spokesperson
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

9. Production of 31Cl at NSCL
150 MeV/u, 75 pnA 36Ar beam, 1.63 mg/cm2 Be target
95% pure beam of up to Cl ions per second
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017
C. Wrede - Slide 9

10. CloverShare HPGe array
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

11. 31Cl(b g)31S data Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

12. 31Cl b decay scheme: a new state!
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

13. Thermonuclear 30P(p,g)31S reaction rate
New state could be dominant 30P(p,g)31S resonance in novae
Need to measure proton emission branch and lifetime…
M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, (2016)
M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

14. New detector at NSCL to measure small low-energy particle-emission branches
Phase I: use as calorimeter to measure 31Cl(b p) 31S through new 30P(p,g)31S resonance and determine Gp/G
Geant4 simulation by D. Perez-Loureiro and M. Harris
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

15. Assembly and first tests
Chamber with gas inlets and outlets
Micromegas from CERN
Field cage inside open chamber
55Fe x-ray spectrum (3 & 6 keV peaks)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

16. X-ray burst
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

17. X-ray burst light curve
RXTE; Galloway et al., Astrophys. J. 179, 360 (2008)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

18. Break out from hot CNO cycles
M. Wiescher et al., J. Phys. G 25, R133 (1999)
C. Iliadis, Nuclear Physics of Stars, 2nd Ed. (2015)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

19. rp process Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017
Figure: H. Schatz
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

20. Which reactions impact the X-ray burst light curve?
R. Cyburt et al., Astrophys. J. 830, 55 (2016)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

21. Key 15O(a,g)19Ne resonance
B. Davids et al., Phys. Rev. C 67, (2003)
W. P. Tan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, (2007)
W. P. Tan et al., Phys. Rev. C 72, (2005)
R. Kanungo et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, (2006)
B. Davids et al., Astrophys. J. 735, 40 (2011)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

22. New idea: b decay of 20Mg to probe key 15O(a,g)19Ne resonance
C. Wrede, PoS (NIC XIII) 039 (2014)
B. Glassman, Ph.D. thesis (in progress)
NSCL experiment E14066, C. Wrede spokesperson
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017
C. Wrede - Slide 22

23. NSCL E14066: 20Mg(b p g) Preliminary
Beta decay of 20Mg is a new way to populate the key resonance in the 15O(a,g)19Ne reaction and measure Ga/G...
B. E. Glassman, Ph.D. thesis (in progress)
B. E. Glassman et al., Phys. Rev. C 92, (R) (2015)
C. Wrede et al., submitted
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

24. Upgrade new detector to measure Ga/G
Phase II: upgrade to time projection chamber to measure 20Mg(b p a)15O through 4033-keV 15O(a,g)19Ne resonance to determine Ga/G
Geant4 simulation by D. Perez-Loureiro
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

25. Summary
31Cl b-g decay experiment to ID candidate pre-solar nova grains via 30P(p,g)31S reaction rate: found important new resonance
20Mg b-p-g decay to investigate CNO-cycle break out via 15O(a,g)19Ne reaction in type I x-ray bursts: new way to populate key resonance
New detector has been built to measure b delayed particle emission branches at NSCL & FRIB (see also E. Pollacco talk 8:30am Friday)
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

26. Collaborating institutions:
NSCL E12028, E14066:
Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
McMaster University
Michigan State University
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
University of Notre Dame
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
University of Southern Indiana
University of Tennessee
Texas A&M University
New detector:
CEA-Saclay
Funding acknowledgments:
U.S. NSF Grant Nos. PHY , PHY , PHY , PHY-
, and PHY
U.S. DOE Contract Nos. DE-FG02-97ER41020 and DE-SC
U.S. NNSA Contract No. DENA
Spanish MEC Grant No. AYA
ESF Grant No. EUI
Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017

27. Thank you for your attention!
Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VIII, Jun 2017