1. Fungi

2. Kingdom Fungi Supergroup Unikonta Phylum Chytridiomycota- chytrids
Phylum Glomeromycota
Phylum Zygomycota – conjugation fungi
Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)- yeasts, molds, morels, and truffles, lichens
Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi)- mushrooms, toadstools, rusts and smuts
Phylum Deuteromycota- conidal molds

3. ? Fungus-like protist Deuteromycota Chytrids (1,000 species)
Hyphae
25 µm
Chytrids (1,000 species)
Fungus-like protist
Zygomycetes (1,000 species)
Fungal hypha
Glomeromycetes (160 species)
Ascomycetes (65,000 species)
Basidiomycetes (30,000 species) ?
Deuteromycota

4. The five fungal phyla can be distinguished by their reproductive features.

5. Division Chytridiomycota
mainly aquatic.
Some are saprobes, while others parasitize protists, plants, and animals.
chitinous cell wall
flagellated zoospores
the most primitive fungi

6. Division Glomeromycota
Endomycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis {Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - AM }. Endomycorrhizal fungi do not coat the root.
Only a few hyphae spread across the root's surface … enter into the root cells.

7. Glomeromycota Mycorrhizal symbioses
Endomycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis {Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - AM }. Endomycorrhizal fungi do not coat the root.
Only a few hyphae spread across the root's surface … enter into the root cells.

8. Glomeromycota Mycorrhizal symbioses
Endomycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis {Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - AM }. Endomycorrhizal fungi do not coat the root.
Only a few hyphae spread across the root's surface … enter into the root cells.

9. Glomeromycota Mycorrhizal symbioses
An experimental test of the benefits of mycorrhizae.
The plant on the right lacks mycorrhizae.
Endomycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis {Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - AM }. Endomycorrhizal fungi do not coat the root.
Only a few hyphae spread across the root's surface … enter into the root cells.

10. Division Zygomycota “Zygote fungi” (bread molds)
Zygote = “mated” hyphal strands
Live in soil, water
Some are parasites
600 species

11. Rhizopus

12. Rhizopus

13. Division Zygomycota

14. Conjugation in Rhizopus+ - + -
Conjugation in Rhizopus

15. Conjugation in Rhizopus

16. Asexual sporangia in Rhizopus

17. Division Ascomycota “Sac fungi” (truffles, yeast)
Beer > 6,000 years
Wine > 8,000 years
Lichens
Decomposers, pathogens
“yeast” describes a form of fungi (i.e., non-hyphal)
60,000 species

18. Ascomycota
Scarlet cup
Morchella
truffles

19. Ascomycota
Close up of cheese showing blue-green mycelium of Penicillium roqueforti.
Roquefort cheese

20. Yeast
Candida albicans

21. LICHENS
Crustose
Fruticose
Foliose

22. Lichen Anatomy

23. Penicillin conidia

24. Division Basidiomycota
“Club fungi” (mushrooms)
Club-shaped reproductive structure
Food
Plant diseases
25,000 species

27. Fairy Ring

28. Basidiocarp
(Fruiting body)
mycelium

29. basidiospores
basidium
Cross section through the gill of a mushroom illustrating basidia

30. The leaf-cutting ants of Central and South America create their food supply by forming a mutually beneficial association with certain fungi.
They grow these fungi on gardens created from … leaves.
The ants cannot digest cellulose …In the cell walls of leaves, but the fungus can. … the fungus converts the cellulose into carbohydrates. The ants then eat the fungus.

31. Rusts and Smuts

32. Bleeding tooth fungus Mycorrhizal association with coniferous trees
Hydnellum peckii is a mycorrhizal species, and forms mutually beneficial relationships with a variety of coniferous trees, growing on the ground singly, scattered, or in fused masses.
The fruit bodies typically have a funnel-shaped cap with a white edge, although the shape can be highly variable. Young, moist fruit bodies can "bleed" a bright red fluid that contains a pigment known to have anticoagulant properties similar to heparin. The unusual appearance of the young fruit bodies has earned the species several descriptive common names, including strawberries and cream, the bleeding Hydnellum, the bleeding tooth fungus, the red-juice tooth, and the Devil's tooth. Although Hydnellum peckii fruit bodies are readily identifiable when young, they become brown and nondescript when they age.
Hydnellum peckii 

33. Division Deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi
10,000 species
No reproductive phase discovered
ringworm

34. Division Deuteromycota