1. Successful Oral Presentations
How to present seminars effectively?
The easiest way is to know the ‘tricks of the trade’!

2. Seminar Tricks of the Trade
Know the Audience
Who will you be presenting to?
This will determine the ‘pitch’ of your presentation
Are the audience fellow scientists?
Avoid being too technical/too simplistic
Plan your presentation to interest and stimulate your audience
How large is the audience?
Will determine the medium you use for presentation (OHPs, slides, data projector etc.)
Will determine if you can give handouts
Will interaction work with a large/small audience?

3. Where does my talk fit in?
You should have a clear understanding of where your talk fits in with other presentations on the day
Who is talking before you?
Will there be other talks on similar or related topics?
This will determine the ‘pitch’ of your presentation
What is the size and layout of the presentation room?
What equipment is available and do you know how to use it (if not, ASK!)
Practice your presentation in the room, if possible
The size of the room can be intimidating so prepare yourself beforehand by viewing the room in advance

4. Using the equipment Eye contact
Make sure you know how to use the OHP/slide machine/data projector BEFORE your presentation
Not knowing how the audio-visual equipment works reflects badly on you!
If you are using a data projector in your presentation ensure you are not walking across the beam when you change slides
If using ‘mixed media’, practice the logistics in advance. Plan, plan, plan!
Eye contact
DO NOT talk to your cue card, your feet or the back wall: address the audience!
When pointing out aspects of slides/OHPs, be conscious of where you are standing: try to avoid turning your back on the audience

5. Content: how much to include?
Choose a section of your research
Summarise your work
Avoid listing all of your results (a common mistake is to include too much text per slide/OHP)
Start with an outline
Provide a title OHP or slide
Keep the presentation in a logical order (plan it well!)
Use Aims, Introduction, Methods, Results & Conclusions format
End with conclusions
Ensure your seminar ends with conclusion(s)
Conclusions should reflect the results you have displayed
End with stimulating points that will cause the audience to think

6. Text on OHPs or slides Graphs & Figures
Text on OHPs/slides (including figures/graphs) should be legible from the back of the seminar room
No less than 24 pt. font should be used
Keep font standard throughout the presentation
Avoid using clashing colours: what looks good on-screen may look awful or not be legible when projected!
Place OHPs straight on projector!
Typographical errors are unprofessional
Graphs & Figures
Should be legible from back of room
DO NOT put one up and remove it 3 seconds later! This is a common mistake…….
If you are using graphs etc. TAKE TIME to explain them (use a pointer)

7. Use cue cards, if necessary
Interest
Choose the ‘sexy stuff’ for your presentation: what will interest the audience?
Make use of colourful slides/ OHPs but ONLY if they are relevant!
A picture paints a thousand words……if used effectively!
Citations
Don’t give nauseatingly long lists of authors on OHPs/slides
Choose the few that are the MOST important to illustrate your point
Use cue cards, if necessary
Memorise or use ‘cue cards’ (numbered)
DO NOT read from cards - you are presenting a science seminar, not a bedtime story: make eye contact with your audience!

8. Dealing with questions from audience
Your voice
Speak clearly
Ensure you can be heard at the back of the room (practice beforehand & ask someone to sit at the back of the room)
You may be provided with a microphone - if this is the case, practice speaking with it beforehand)
Try to avoid speaking too quickly: this will come with practice!
Dealing with questions from audience
Most people dread this part…...
Questions are not aimed to catch you out
Try not to waffle: THINK BEFORE YOU SPEAK!
Do not be afraid to turn the question back to the person who asked it if you don’t know the answer

9. Organisation Rehersal Timing
Poorly organised presentations reflect badly on you
Number your slides/OHPs so that you can keep track of your progress during your presentation
Ensure the seminar is delivered in a logical sequence: plan, plan, plan!
Rehersal
Practice makes perfect but don’t over-rehearse as this can make you sound tired or bored on the day!
Nerves are perfectly normal, but try not to rush your presentation and be conscious of nervous mannerisms!
Timing
Keep to time
Length will vary depending on context: plan, plan, plan!

10. Learn from others Take Time Attend other presentations
Look at the good and bad points of other people’s presentations
Learn from other people
Take Time
Communication skills are important, irrespective of whether you are planning a career in science…….
Use your time wisely to perfect these skills

11. What is wrong with this?
For starters, the text is far too small……..can you read this at the back of the room?!
Typographical errors are unprofesional ……anything wrong hear?!
What is wrong with this figure?