1. The Imperial Republic

2. “Progress” and Imperialism
1. European Nations in Africa and Asia
2. We had been an expansionist nation from the beginning…moving west. Americans in Appalachian West, Louisiana Territory, Florida, Texas, Oregon, Mexico Territory, Oregon/Washington… Alaska

3. William Seward 1. Alaska (1860s) 2. Midway Islands (1867)
Purchased for $7.2 million
“Sewards Folly”
2. Midway Islands (1867)

4. Stirrings of Imperialism The New Manifest Destiny
Increase of Foreign Trade
1870 exports $382 million
1900 exports $1.4 billion “closing of the frontier” - Frederick Jackson Turner
demand for new territory
bitter social protests and the need for outlet

5. Senator Beveridge from Indiana
“We are raising more than we can consume. Today, we are making more than we can use. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor.”
Imperialist fever in Europe

6. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
“we must not fall out of line of the march”
Social Darwinism and the advancement of the our way of life.
Alfred T. Mahan and the importance of naval power
1870s shipbuilding program
1898 fifth in the world… 1900 third in the world
Alfred T. Mahan
Henry Cabot Lodge

7. Hawaii Pressure for American Presence Lead-in History naval base?
Americans who had settled on the islands began to dominate economic and political life
Lead-in History
1500 BC self sufficient Polynesian people
1790s first American settlers from New England
King Kamehameha welcomes traders
1830s William Hooper = first sugar planter
Prime Minister GP Judd

8. Hawaii Continued American Impact treaty of annexation ratified: 1898
Another genocide (disease)
1875 agreement allows sugar to enter USA duty free in trade for Pearl Harbor
American sugar planters dominate and divide
Queen Liliuokalani
Americans Revolt and the fight against taxes and over voting becomes a fight for statehood
treaty of annexation ratified: 1898

9. War With Spain
Impact: changing American attitude from ideas to fierce expression.

10. Spanish American War
War with Spain in Cuba in 1898 transformed America’s relationship w/ the world
Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
Yellow Journalism
2 incidents:
1. de Lome Letter
2. The Maine – battleship explosion

11. Two events that changed everything
Dupuy de Lomewrote a letter that was intercepted that called McKinley weak
American battleship Maine blew up in Havana harbor
260 dead
later reports concluded the explosion was caused inside the ship
Dupuy de Lome
Maine
“Remember the Maine!”
McKinley asks for Declaration of War April 25

12. Pulitzer vs. Hearst = Yellow Journalism
“you furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”
Hearst and Pulitzer dressed as “Yellow Kid” cartoon (printed with yellow ink) and where term “yellow journalism” comes from.

13. “A Splendid Little War”
- says secretary of state John Hay
The Battle for Cuba resulted in 460 Americans killed. This was dubbed a“mopping up” exercise as the Cubans had greatly weakened the Spanish forces
April-Aug.12, armistice ends the war.
Spain recognizes independence of Cuba and cedes Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S.
On to the Philippines

14. Philippines
On May Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and completely destroyed the aging Spanish fleet with hardly a shot fired
Manila surrenders, Dewey is a hero, everyone celebrates…
What had begun as a war to free Cuba was becoming a war to strip Spain of its colonies

15. Treaty of Paris 1898
Confirmed terms of the Armistice re: Cuba, Guam and PR
Spain surprised when Americans demand Philippines
Americans offer $20 million for it and they accept

16. The Philippine War Results One of Americas longest wars (1898-1902)
4,300 American deaths (10x the number that died in combat during the Spanish American war)
50,000? Filipinos
guerilla tactics by Filipinos
Brutality similar to Spaniards…
American miscalculations
numbers
level of support for Emilio Aguinaldo
Decision: more brutal
Filipino prisoners of war executed
Concentration camps
Destroyed villages, crops and livestock
“…shoot everyone over the age of 10”
15 Filipinos dead for every one wounded… US Civil War 1 person dead for every five wounded
Emilio Aguinaldo

17. Philippine War Con’t Secure Possession
Aguinaldo captured and signs treaty urging followers to stop fighting
War revived intermittently until as late as 1906
William Howard Taft: first governor of Philippines
goal was to prepare islands for autonomy
schools, bridges, sewers, etc…
Gradual autonomy
Philippine economy totally linked/dependent United States
July 4, 1946 “independence”