1. Labor

2. Employment Requirements Work one hour for pay
Work 15 or more hours/no pay
ex-family business or farm
Hold jobs but don’t work due to illness, vacation, labor disputes

3. Unemployment

4. Unemployment For Statistics: Must be looking for work
Full Time Students are not counted
Stay at Home Moms-not counted
Those who give up-not counted

5. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vital ?’s
How many people are in the labor force?
How many people are employed + unemployed?

6. Occupational Trends

7. Occupational Trends
From the days of the founding fathers till the 1800’s farming was the way to go
In the 1800’s the north began to shift to industry
Textiles
Small Factories

8. The Industrial Revolution

9. Heavy Manufacturing + Big Business
John D. Rockefeller-Standard Oil
Controlled 90% of oil

10. Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie Steel
Vertical Consolidation

11. Henry Ford
The Assembly Line

12. The 50’s
Trends shifted towards Electronics
Radio TV

13. New Companies GE
Westinghouse
Carrier
Goodyear

14. General Electric 1890 Edison General Electric Company
1892 merged with the Thompson-Houston Electric Company
Together they controlled hundreds of vital patents
1896 one of the originals on the Dow Jones
1911 Nela Park Ohio-first Industrial Park

15. GE
Founded RCA and ATT for radio and communications

16. GE Today The largest Conglomerate in America
Conglomerate-a huge company that owns or controls several other companies
Companies controlled by GE include:
NBC
GE Industrial-plastics,
GE Infrastructure
GE Electronics

17. The 70’s
IBM-Computers

18. Service Economy Today the U.S. relies on Service Industries
Financial Services
Online Services
Marketing
Advertising

19. International Competition
As service jobs increase, manufacturing jobs decrease
These jobs are going overseas
New skills are needed to compete

20. The Old Days 1950’s: Typical Worker White Man High School Degree
40 hr a week job
Retired at 65

21. Now Everyone works Most adults will have at least 5 jobs
Retirement and pensions are harder to find
Average wages are lower

22. Labor and Wages Unskilled Labor Semi-Skilled Labor Skilled Labor
Professional Labor

23. Unskilled Labor No special training or skills Hourly Wage Dishwashers
Messengers
Farm or Factory Work

24. Semi-Skilled Labor Minimal Skills and Education Hourly Wage
Word Processor
Short Order Cook
Construction

25. Skilled Labor Specialized ability and training
Operate complicated equipment
Little Supervision
Most likely hourly pay
Mechanics
Plumbers
Firefighters
Chefs

26. Professional Labor Advanced Skills and Education “White-Collar” Salary
Managers
Teachers
Doctors
Lawyers
Actors
Athletes

27. Wage Discrimination
Woman often earn less than men

28. Organized Labor
Unions-exist to help working people receive fair wages, benefits, and working conditions

29. AFL Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 Craft Unions Skilled Workers
Merged with CIO in 1955

30. Knights of Labor 1869-Knights of Labor founded by Uriah Stevens
Later led by Terrance Powderly
Ultimately fails do to violent strikes that were crushed by the government
Also the AFL will be founded-more focused on skilled labor

31. The Haymarket Riot

32. Haymarket Riot 11 dead 50 Injured Anti-Union feeling results Anarchy
See Handout

33. Pullman Strike

34. Pullman 50,000 workers went on strike Were angry at a 25% wage cut
Building were torched
Federal Gov’t put a stop to this
13 killed, 57 wounded
Grover Cleveland said this was ok because the strike was interfering with the mail
See Handout

35. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

36. Strikes of 1919
3,000 Strikes
Linked to Communism
Red Scare

40. Yellow-Dog Contracts Agreements in workers pledged not to join unions
Outlawed in 1932

41. The New Deal The Wagner Act-allowed for collective bargaining 1935 FDR
Fair Labor Act-minimum wage, banned child labor, overtime pay required

42. Cesar Chavez
Farm workers Union