0. Chapter 4 Transactions That Affect Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Capital
What You’ll Learn
Prepare a chart of accounts.
Explain the purpose of double-entry accounting.
Identify the normal balance of accounts.
Use T accounts to illustrate the rules of debit and credit for asset accounts, liability accounts, and the owner’s capital account and to express the accounting equation.
Use T accounts to analyze transactions that affect assets, liabilities, and the owner’s capital account.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

1. Chapter 4 Transactions That Affect Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Capital
What You’ll Learn
Calculate the account balances after recording business transactions.
Define the accounting terms introduced in this chapter.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 4, Section 1 Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
What Do You Think?
Based on what you have reviewed about transactions, why do you think we use a double-entry accounting system?
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Main Idea
The double-entry accounting system uses debits and credits. Debit means “left side” and credit means “right side.”
You Will Learn
about the chart of accounts.
about the double-entry accounting system.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Key Terms
chart of accounts
ledger
double-entry accounting
debit
credit
T account
normal balance
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
The Chart of Accounts
A chart of accounts is a list of accounts used by a business. Accounts are grouped together in a ledger, also known as a general ledger. “Keeping the books” refers to maintaining accounts in the ledger.
Accounts are easier to locate in the ledger if they are numbered. A typical numbering system is as follows:
Asset accounts begin with 1.
Liability accounts begin with 2.
Owner’s equity accounts begin with 3.
Revenue accounts begin with 4.
Expense accounts begin with 5.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Double-Entry Accounting
If a business has many accounts, accountants use the double-entry accounting system to analyze and record a transaction.
The double-entry accounting system recognizes both the debit and credit side of a business transaction.
Account Name
Left Side
Debit Side
Debit
Right Side
Credit Side
Credit
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
T Accounts
The T account is a tool for using the double-entry accounting system. It shows the dollar increase and decrease caused by a transaction.
The T account gets its name from being shaped like a T:
Account name is on the top.
The left side is used for debits.
The right side is used for credits.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
The Rules of Debit and Credit
In double-entry accounting, for each debit in one account, there must be an equal credit in another account. The rules of debit and credit vary depending on the type of account.
Each account has a normal balance to record increases to the account. The word normal in this case means usual.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Rules for Asset Accounts
Asset accounts follow three rules for debit and credit:
It is increased on the debit side (left side).
It is decreased on the credit side (right side).
The normal balance is the increase or debit side.
Because the increase side is always on the debit side, asset accounts have a normal debit balance.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Rules for Liability and Owner’s Capital Accounts
Liability and owner’s capital accounts follow three rules for debit and credit:
It is increased on the credit side (right side).
It is decreased on the debit side (left side).
The normal balance is the increase or credit side.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Key Terms Review
chart of accounts
A list of all accounts used by a business.
ledger
A group of accounts; also referred to as a general ledger.
double-entry accounting
A system that recognizes the different sides of business transactions as debits and credits.
debit
An entry on the left side of an account.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Accounts and the Double-Entry Accounting System
SECTION 4.1
Key Terms Review
credit
An agreement to pay for a purchase at a later time; an entry on the right side of an account.
T account
A visual representation of a ledger account. The T account is a tool used to analyze transactions.
normal balance
The increase side of an account. The word normal here means usual.
Glencoe Accounting Unit 2 Chapter 4 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.