1. Unit 4 Sub-Saharan Africa Test Review

2. A constant power struggle between the Hutus and the Tutsis led to a civil war and genocide in what country?
Rwanda
What was responsible for the formation of Africa’s major valleys, lakes, and volcanoes?
plate tectonics

3. What is the source of the Nile River?
Lake Victoria
What is the term used to describe tropical grasslands?
savanna
What is “a region drained by a river system?”
basin

4. to keep order among rival groups
What is the main reason why many people of sub-Saharan Africa lack fresh water?
poor sanitation
What is one reason that many African nations have had military dictatorships?
to keep order among rival groups

5. What term is used for a country in which government, economic systems, and civil order have broken down?
failed state
What is the legal separation of the races, denying black South Africans their rights?
apartheid

6. Niger River
Congo River

7. A person who flees a place to find safety is called what?
refugee
__________ is an outbreak of a disease affecting a great number of the population in a particular community.
epidemic

8. Who was the first black African elected president of South Africa?
Why does Southern Africa have the highest standard of living in Sub-Saharan Africa?
abundant mineral resources
rich and varied wildlife
fertile volcanic soil
large navigable rivers 
Who was the first black African elected president of South Africa?
Nelson Mandela

9. In what region of Sudan have religious and ethnic differences led to conflict forcing millions to flee to neighboring countries such as Chad?
Darfur
What is the semiarid grassland that separates the Sahara in the north from the tropical grassland in the south?
sahel

10. What term describes a disease that spreads over a large area?
What is the term for a gradual transition from fertile to less productive land?
desertification
What term describes a disease that spreads over a large area?
pandemic

11. What was the long-term effect of the African slave trade?
dramatic but not long-lasting in any part of the world
still seen both inside and outside of Africa today
limited to the African communities that were destroyed
more pronounced in the Americas than in Africa 

12. colonialism conversion industrialism imperialism 
What policy led European countries to try to gain power by controlling Africa and its resources?
colonialism
conversion
industrialism
imperialism 

13. 1
Sudan 2
Nigeria 3
South Africa

14. What did South Africa experience for the first time in 1994?
How does the Congo Basin differ from most other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa?
more humidity
What did South Africa experience for the first time in 1994?
an election in which all races could vote

15. Why haven’t African nations benefited more from their mineral wealth?
corrupt governments
What is the name of the process that alters the land through the action of humans…by the massive removal of trees?
deforestation

16. What two regions does the Sahel lie between?
desert and grasslands
How has human activity affected the Sahel?
poor use of resources has made the soil less fertile