1. Sub-Saharan Africa (cont’d)
Desertification
Deforestation
Population and Settlement
Cultural Coherence and Diversity
European Imprint
Economic and Social Development
For Next Class: Read Chapter 7 (pp )
Response Paper Due Next Week! Details on AsUlearn.

2. Desertification in the Sahel
Zone of ecological transition
Transhumance
Desertification
Prolonged drought
Overgrazing
Colonial influence on agriculture
Sahel in Bloom

3. Deforestation Issues NGOs Increased run off Soil erosion
Wildlife habitat
Hardship
NGOs
Green Belt Movement
Experiments with bamboo
Planting Bamboo

4. Food Insecurity Global climate change Highly vulnerable regions Famine
Figure 6.14
Food Insecurity
Global climate change
Highly vulnerable regions
Famine
Mapping food insecurity

5. Population and Settlement
Scattered rural populations
Physiological density
# of people per unit of arable land
Agricultural density
# of farmers per unit of arable land
Figure 6.18

6. Demographic Indicators – Fertility
High TFR
Declining family size
Large family in Senegal
Figure 6.15

7. HIV/AIDS High rates of infection Social and economic implications
Antiretroviral therapies
AIDS prevention education
Figure 6.16

8. Group Exercise
What are some of the social and economic implications of the HIV/AIDS crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa?

9. Settlement Patterns – Rural
Figure 6.19
Settlement Patterns – Rural
Subsistence Agriculture
Swidden
Plantation Agriculture
Pastoralism
Tsetse Flies
Coffee in Ethiopia
Figure 6.20
Pastoralists with camels

10. Settlement Patterns – Urban
Pre-Colonial urban networks
Rapidly growing
Urban to rural migration
Slums, crime, traffic
Figure 6.21
Growing urban poor in Luanda, Angola

11. Cultural Coherence and Diversity
Sub-Saharan African identity
Slavery
Colonialism
Struggles for independence and development
Diverse political, religious, and language systems
Common
History

12. Linguistic Diversity
Multilingual sign
Figure 6.27
Figure 6.25

13. Religious Diversity Christian Landscape > Muslim Landscape
Figure 6.28
Religious Diversity
Christian Landscape >
Muslim Landscape
Figure 6.29

14. Globalization and African Culture
Figure 6.31

15. Globalization and African Culture
Music Festival in Mali
Distance runners of Kenya and Ethiopia
Figure 6.32
Figure 6.33

16. 800 m World Record David Rudisha – Kenya

17. European Imprint Early European contact Berlin Conference
Figure 6.35
European Imprint
Early European contact
Berlin Conference
1884, likened to a game of Monopoly
Pan-African Movement
Colonization in 1913

18. Conflict and Population Movements
Figure 6.39

19. Links to the Global Economy
Aid vs. Investment
Figure 6.45

20. Social Development African women in the workforce and politics
Ugandan school children
Figure 6.47
Figure 6.48

21. African Poverty Colonialism Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs)
Lack of Infrastructure
African Poverty
Figure 6.42
Colonialism
Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs)
Unsustainable Debt
Food Policies
Corruption
Figure 6.43
Uncompetitive Industry

22. SEARCH reparations and global reparations

24. Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs)
SAPs have crippled Sub-Saharan African countries
Tied to neoliberal economic theory and implemented by the IMF and World Bank
Four key elements:
Reschedule foreign debt payments
Decrease state spending
Increase exports
Privatize economy
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff

25. Many have since advocated “Adjustment with a Human Face”
Gradualism in economic growth
Small-scale production
Shift in public spending to meet basic needs first
Target scarce state support to very poor
Community participation in covering costs
Diversity Amid Globalization, 4th edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff