1. Model-based design for decision making
Bergseth E., Söderberg A., Sellgren U., Möller B., Wahlström J. and Johansson K.*
KTH Machine Design & *Scania
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

2. What is a model?
F = ma
En modell kan vara enkel (F=ma), a molecular model, eller komplex (helbilsmock-up), flow diagram or a matrix representation of a system.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

3. Model
A model is a simplified representation of an object or a process. A model is a mental, physical or virtual cognitive tool. With the term model we limit our scope to computer-based models.
In the context of Engineering Design, a model is a cognitive tool with the purpose to assist the process!
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

4. Why is model-based design?
Model-based design enables simulation-driven product development (or virtual product development).
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5. ANSYS GEOMETRY CONTACT PRESSURE, WEAR PROPAGATION, VOLUME LOSS
WEAR LAW
TEST CYCLE
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6. V-model – a structured sequence of activities
analysis
raw design
fine design
integration
validation
verification
mechanics
electronics
informatics, I&C
system-
level
subsystem-level
single part realisation
product requirements
product/unit
V-model according to VDI 2206 guideline
Farhan A. Salem and Ahmad A. Mahfouz, Mechatronics Subsystems' Classification, Role, Selection Criteria and Synergistic Integration in Overall System Design, American Journal of Educational Science, 2 (3), 2016,16-28
A V-model can be interpreted as a reference model that is used to propose an iterative process in design for ensuring product characteristics. In the various stages of development, modelling and model analysis covers system design to discipline-specific (i.e. to study a specific physical phenomenon) and complete system integration.
VDI 2206 guideline
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7. Background
The Machine section at KTH was founded in 1910 as one of seven sections. At that time it was a 3 year program with 85 students.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

8. Background
The purpose of this study is to map how model-based design is educated, trained and used for decision making
Mechanical Engineering
Mechatronics
Machine Design
Internal combustion engines
140 students yearly
students yearly
Engineering Design master programs:
1st cycle
2nd cycle
20% av Mech Eng går vidare till något av spåren.
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9. Approach Do we have the same view on model-based design?
Do we provide the best conditions to prepare for master level studies?
Will we better engage and challenge 1st cycle students by introducing model-based design?
Can we see a pattern by just studying the course plans?
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10. Approach Eight course syllabuses in total have been analysed.
Wording were quantitatively measured in the learning outcomes.
Bloom’s taxonomy was used to identify verbs to describe student learning.
Course descriptions were qualitatively assessed.
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11. 8 course syllabuses analysed (mandatory courses 1st and 2nd cycle)
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12. Wording related to model-based design - What does these words mean?
Model – a simplified representation of an object or a process
Tool – a design can be supported by software tools such as CAD
Method – a structured sequence of activities, e.g. VDI 2206 guideline
System – an aggregation of components that work together to fulfil a common function
Simulation – experimenting with a model
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13. 1st cycle
2nd cycle
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14. Examples of re-formulated learning outcomes in 1st cycle courses
Original: Apply 3D-CAD for drawing, 3D illustration and for higher grade be able to animate the illustration. Re-formulated: Model a system using a CAD tool to communicate product manufacturing information and system behaviour. Original: With given cooling conditions estimate the temperature of an electric motor for some time after a known load is applied. Re-formulated: Model temperature change in an electrical motor system. Original: Be able to choose the appropriate standard components and common construction materials. Re-formulated: Fulfill system design criteria's by selecting appropriate machine components using standard methods.
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15. Bloom’s taxonomy Summary of verbs found in all 8 learning outcomes
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16. Bloom’s taxonomy % of learning levels
Remembering Understanding Applying Analyzing Evaluating Creating
Higher level
Lower level
to identify verbs to describe student learning
Bloom B. S. and Krathwohl, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York, Longmans, Green, 1956.
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17. 1st and 2nd cycle Lower level of learning Higher level of learning
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18. 1st and 2nd cycle
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19. Reflections
It was found that modeling is seldom used in the 1st cycle courses even when a course makes use of modeling to predict or understand a specific behaviour.
Physical and computer models should be used in concert already in 1st cycle courses.
At 2nd cycle courses, models are used to a much greater extent.
Learning outcomes can be re-formulated using words linked to model-based design.
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20. Further work
Is it necessary and possible to include the “big picture” already in the first cycle courses, i.e. would we better meet the learning outcomes by introducing model-based design in first cycle courses?
Interview teachers and students.
Work with the CDIO curriculum-design perspectives.
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21. Thanks!
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