1. TYPES OF PESTICIDES Any chemical used to control a pest
CHAPTER 13
Any chemical used to control a pest
Many different kinds

2. INSECTICIDES

3. BROAD SPECTRUM
NARROW SPECTRUM
CONTACT/ SYSTEMIC

4. CHITIN (primary structural chemical in body wall) SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS-INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MOLTING OF IMMATURES
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS-MIMIC ACTION OF INSECT’S NATURALLY OCCURRING JUVENILE HORMONE. VERY SAFE BUT SLOW
PHEROMONES-NATURALLY PRODUCED CHEMICALS USED BY ANIMALS TO COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER

5. SHORT TERM VS RESIDUAL
(how long they last)

6. MITICIDES OR ACARACIDES

7. FUNGICIDES
Must have contact
Can be systemic

8. FUNGICIDES 2 approaches:
PROTECTANT-before disease
ERADICANT-after disease

9. HERBICIDES-pesticides used to control unwanted plants
SELECTIVE VS NONSELECTIVE

10. HERBICIDE TIMING CHECK THE LABEL PREPLANT-before crop
PREEMERGENT -crop or weed
POSTEMERGENT-selective

11. PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
increases, decreases or changes normal growth or reproduction in a plant
HARVEST AIDS
desiccants
defoliants

12. RODENTICIDES

13. NEMATICIDES

14. MOLLUSCICIDES

15. pesticides that make a site or food unattractive to a pest
REPELLANTS
pesticides that make a site or food unattractive to a pest

16. TYPES OF PESTICIDES insecticides herbicides fungicides nematicides
acaricides
molluscides

17. PESTS
CHAPTER 12

18. PEST IS ANYTHING THAT:
injures humans, animals, crops, structures or possessions
competes with humans, domestic animals or crops
spreads disease
insects, plant diseases, weeds, vertebrates

19. ID YOUR PESTS! know the best time to control the pest
By knowing the lifecycle of the pest, the damage it causes and when the damage occurs, it will help you to:
know the best time to control the pest
use less pesticide, or use other means of control
avoid injury to the host
avoid injury to the target areas

20. INSECTS PLANT DISEASES
CATEGORIES
INSECTS PLANT DISEASES
WEEDS
VERTEBRATES

21. INSECTS

22. INSECTS

25. Three pairs of jointed legs
Three body regions

27. METAMORPHOSIS no metamorphosis-little change from hatch and adult
the series of changes an insect goes through as it develops from egg to adult
no metamorphosis-little change from hatch and adult
simple or gradual metamorphosis
incomplete metamorphosis
complete metamorphosis

28. 3 distinct stages: egg, nymph and adult body matures gradually
SIMPLE
METAMORPHOSIS

29. COMPLETE
METAMORPHOSIS

30. INSECT-LIKE PESTS

31. PLANT DISEASES
FUNGI BACTERIA VIRUS
NEMATODES

33. SYMPTOMS
galls
leafspots
wilts
cankers
blights
death of tissue

34. FUNGI

35. BACTERIAL DISEASES

37. VIRUS DISEASES

38. NEMATODES

39. WEEDS can cause skin irritation hay fever harbor pests release toxins
contaminate product at harvest
compete for water, light and nutrients
poison
cause off flavors in milk and meat
hinder fish growth
increase road maintenance costs

40. WEEDS
ANNUALS
summer-sprout in spring
winter-sprout in fall
BIENNIALS
PERENNIALS

41. WEED IDENTIFICATION arrangement of leaves-alternate, opposite, whorled
leaf structure-simple, compound
leaf shape-ovate, lanceolate, linear
arrangement of flowers-inflorescence, axillary
flower parts-petals, sepals

42. MAJOR CLASSES OF WEEDS
grasses
sedges
broadleaves

43. VERTEBRATES

44. IPM
CHAPTER 11

45. IPM
the use of several strategies to prevent or minimize the damage an insect, weed or disease causes.

46. BENEFITS OF IPM avoids pest resistance to pesticides
minimize the effects on non-target organisms
minimize effects on environment
maintains good public image
saves $$$$

47. Preventative measures
BASIC STEPS OF IPM
Preventative measures
Monitoring/Scouting
Assessment
Action

48. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT PEST BUILDUP
good cultural practices
structural modifications
biological control
physical barriers
resistant varieties

49. PEST ID
beneficial?
learn lifecycle

50. MONITERING/
SCOUTING
early detection is key!

52. the level a pest population can reach before causing economic loss
ASSESSMENT:
ECONOMIC OR ACTION THRESHOLD
the level a pest population can reach before causing economic loss

53. ACTION OR CONTROL MEASURES

55. MASTER GARDENER HELPLINE NUMBER:
PLANT DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC
WEBSITE:

56. FORMULATIONS
Chapter XV

57. Pesticides are rarely used as originally manufactured.
Pesticides are often diluted with water, oil and chemically inert solids to ease application
Usually, can’t be added directly to water or mixed in the field with solids so manufacturer must modify the product by combining it with solvents, wetting agents, stickers, powders or granules.
Final product is called the pesticide formulation.
Pesticides are often sold in several different formulations.
Applicator should choose what is best for a particular job depending on pest, treatment area, application equipment or danger of drift or runoff.
Abbreviations are often used to denote the formulation

58. Aerosols (A) Ready to use Easy to store Easy to buy small amounts
Do not lose efficacy in can
Practical for small areas
$$$$
Explode
Kids may be attracted
House, backyards

59. DUSTS (D) Ready to use Easily applied Drift Highly visible
SPOT TRT AND HOME GARDEN
Ready to use
Easily applied
Drift
Highly visible
Easy to dislodge

60. Inside buildings, outside in gardens
POISONOUS BAITS
Inside buildings, outside in gardens
Small amount of pesticide
Easily placed over large area
Attractive to kids
Need to dispose of large animals
Other animals at risk
Used for ants, roaches, rats, mice, slugs

61. GRANULES (G) READY TO USE (RTU)
Like dusts but larger
No drift
Applied easily
Used for soil treatments
READY TO USE (RTU)
No mixing
Low concentrate
Fairly $$$
Used in household for mothproofing, flying or crawling insects

62. EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES (EC)
High concentrate of the pesticide, easy to transport
Price per pound is low
Do not need agitation in tank
Not abrasive
Low residue
Variety of uses, adapted to many types of application equipment
CORROSIVE! Easily absorbed through skin

63. FLOWABLES (F) WETTABLE POWDERS (WP)
Finely ground suspended in liquid
WETTABLE POWDERS (WP)
Dry preparations with high concentration of pesticides mixed with water to form suspensions.
Low cost, easy to store
Most widely used of all the formulations
Not easily absorbed through skin
Dusty when mixing, require agitation
Can be abrasive

64. Pesticides in the form of poisonous gases
FUMIGANTS
Pesticides in the form of poisonous gases
Penetrates into cracks and crevices
Toxic to many forms at once
Must be enclosed
Highly toxic
Soil treatments, dwellings, state borders.