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SOUND SOUND SOUND Kim Lachler Updated 2015 NCES: 6.P.1.3
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Sound Is: Potential changing to Kinetic Mechanical Longitudinal
- moves Mechanical – needs a medium to travel Longitudinal - Particles vibrate back and forth to the energy
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Speed of Sound Is affected by the type of medium
\\LEBUNVSMS01\VOL2\USERS\STAFF\KIMLACHLER\Desktop\Introduction_to_Sound_Waves.mov Is affected by the type of medium The closer the molecules are together the faster it can travel Fastest – solid Medium – liquid Slowest - gas
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Speed of Sound Is affected by temperature
Particles of a colder medium travel slower than a warmer medium. This results in sound traveling faster in a medium that is warmer. air 0˚ C m/s air 100˚ m/s
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Pitch and frequency Pitch is how low or high a sound seems to be depending on the frequency. (It is NOT how loud it is) * Frequency number of waves produced in a given amount of time -The higher the frequency the higher the pitch *Expressed in Hertz 1 Hz = 1 wave per second bats: ,000 to 110,000 Hz humans: to 20,000 Hz dogs: to 45,000 Hz
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Pitch and frequency The Doppler effect
An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving.
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Loudness and Amplitude
Energy_and_Sound__Loudness_and_Frequency.mov Loudness is the extent to which a sound can be heard Amplitude of a wave reflects the amount of energy in the wave The more energy the larger the amplitude, the louder the sound Sound is measured in decibel (db) 0 db softest sound you can hear 60 db normal conversation 120 db threshold of pain 200 db rocket engine 50 m away
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Interactions of Sound Waves
Reflection – Echo The bouncing back of a sound wave. Sound waves reflect best on smooth, hard surfaces.
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Interactions of Sound Waves
Reflection – Echo Echolocation – process of using reflected sound waves to find objects. Animals – bats and dolphins
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Interactions of Sound Waves
Reflection – Echo Echolocation Technology Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) Submarines and fisherman Ultrasound -Turns sound waves into pictures. Development of the fetus and soft tissue organs
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Interactions of Sound Waves
Interference Sonic boom When a jet reaches the speed of sound the waves in front cause constructive interference creating the sound barrier. When the jet breaks through the sound waves spread out behind it in a cone. When the sound reaches you (not when the jet goes through) you hear the “sonic boom”
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Interactions of Sound Waves
Resonance 2 objects vibrate at the same natural frequency Trumpet and guitar
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Bibliography Holt, Rinehart, Winston, North Carolina Holt Science & Technology, Holt, Rinehart, Winston, Orlando, 2005 Media College. COM, How sound waves work, accessed 1/14/11 Google images, accessed 1/14/11
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