1. HASRULZAMAN BIN HASSAN BASRI
Tourism Potential Through Conservation Study In Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
HASRULZAMAN BIN HASSAN BASRI
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology,
University Malaysia Sarawak,
94300 Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak

2. Introduction
54% - cave dweller and these species uses the cave their main or occasional roosting sites (Payne et al., 1985; Rahman et al., 2011).
Pollinators,
Providing guano as the energy source for cave ecosystem.
Pest control

3. Study Site Wind Cave Nature Reserve , Bau, Sarawak
Home for a large number of bats species and are vital area for bats
Source: Qhairil, (2015)

5. Ecological studies at WCNR
Methods:
Ecological study
Methods
Bat diversity
Trapping (mist nets, harp trap & hand nets
Standard measurement
Roost site mapping
Observation (line transect & “caving”)
Trapping
Roost site preferences
Temperature & humidity
Light intensity
Sound intensity
HOBO data logger
Observation
Decibel Meter Version 1.6 application
Echolocation
Wildlife Acoustic Song Meter (Echometer EM3+)
Analysis (Kaleidoscpe V2.0.1)

6. Result Bat diversity Roost site mapping Roost site preferences
Echolocation

7. A. Family Species Present study, 2015 Julius, 2014 Mohd-Ridwan#
Family
Species
Present study, 2015
Julius, 2014
Mohd-Ridwan
et al., 2011
Hall et al., 2001
PTEROPODIDAE 1
Cynopterus brachyotis + 2
Cynopterus horsfieldii 3
Penthetor lucasi * 4
Balionycteris maculate 5
Eonycteris spelaean
EMBALLONURIDAE 6
Emballonura alecto
RHINOLOPHIDAE 7
Rhinolophus arcuatus 8
Rhinolophus borneensis * 9
Rhinolophus affinis * 10
Rhinolophus luctus ***
NYCTERIDAE 11
Nycteris tragata
MEGADERMATIDAE 12
Megaderma spasma *
HIPPOSIDERIDAE 13
Hipposideros diadema * 14
Hipposideros larvatus * 15
Hipposideros ater ** 16
Hipposideros bicolor 17
Hipposideros coxi * 18
Hipposideros ridleyi 19
Hipposideros galeritus * 20
Hipposideros cervinus *
VESPERTILIONIDAE 21
Kerivoula pellucida 22
Kerivoula hardwickii 23
Kerivoula papillosa 24
Myotis ater 25
Myotis horsfieldii * 26
Myotis montivagus 27
Tylonycteris robustula 28
Tylonycteris pachypus A.

8. B.
Source: Qhairill (2014)

9. C. # Family Species Temp (°C) Humidity (%) Sound Intensity Light 1
Pteropodidae
P. lucasi
24.38
62.21 78
Bright, Twilight 2
Megadermatidae
M. spasma
26.5
74.70 56 3
Vespertelionidae
M. horsfieldii
23.88
78.49 65 4
Rhinolophidae
R. borneensis
24.5
97.58 55
Twilight, Dark 5
R. affinis
24.68
93.20 46 6
Hipposideridae
H. cervinus
24.10
92.14 67
Dark 7
H. galeritus
24.69
100 8
H. diadema
23.84
93.62 58 9
H. larvatus
24.44
93.77 57 10
H. coxi
24.23
95.30 44

10. Frequency-modulated (FM) Species Vespertilioninae Myotis horsfieldii
Constant frequency (CF)
Species
Frequency (Khz)
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus affinis
68±2
Rhinolophus borneensis
81±2
Rinolophus luctus
39±2
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros cervinus
120±5
Hipposideros coxi
45±2
Hipposideros diadema
66±3
Hipposideros larvatus
90±3
Hipposideros galeritus
110±5
Hipposideros ater
135±5 D.
Frequency-modulated (FM)
Species
Frequency (Khz)
Vespertilioninae
Myotis horsfieldii
65±2
Myotis montivagus
43±2

11. Discussion Increasing species richness Roost behavior Shelter
Cave, primary forest, food availability and site status
Roost behavior
wing membrane thickness
ability to echolocate
time of emergence to prey
morphological characteristic
Source: Hasrul (2015)

12. Roost preferences Echolocation Temperature and humidity
Light and sound intensity
Distance to the entrance
Maneuverability
Echolocation
Two types
Constant frequency (CM)
Frequency modulated (FM)
Species specific
Source: Hasrul (2015)
Source: Hasrul (2015)

13. Ecological study and conservation
More information
Conserve bats population
Reduce threat
Noise
Increase awareness
Maintaining surrounding ecosystem
Controlled anthropogenic activities

14. Ecological study and ecotourism
The new information were produced.
These are useful to the park management to disseminate to the public.
Will increase the interest of tourist toward bats
Providing social and economic benefits
Provide working conservation initiatives
that have benefited the bats, local economy, and habitat of other species thus bat tourism initiative should be explored and implemented in other areas where bats, local economies and native people could benefit from such ventures

15. Intermediate horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus affinis
Intermediate horseshoe bat
Status (IUCN) : Least concern
Temperature : °C
Humidity : 93.2 %
Sound intensity : 46 dB
Light intensity : Twilight, Dark
Echolocation : 68 ± 2 Khz
Description:
This species can be observed roosting at both twilight and dark zone in free-hanging posture. Structure such as ceiling, wall and bell hole were used as their roost site.

16. THANK YOU