1. Chapter 19 The Industrial Revolution
Section 3 Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Section 4 New Ways of Thinkig

2. People Move to New Industrial Cities
Urbanization, or the rapid movement of people to cities started
Cities grew around mines and factories
Manchester grew from 17,000 in 1750 to 70,000 people in 1801

3. New Social Classes Emerge
The Industrial Middle Class
Middle class developed during this time period
They owned factories and mines
Many developed new technologies to use in factories
Lived in large houses
Wore fancy clothing

4. New Social Classes Emerge
The Industrial Working Class
Struggled to survive
Lived in slums
Packed into tenants, or apartment buildings
Sewage and waste rotted ‘in the streets
Lead to the spread of disease

5. New Social Classes Emerge
Workers Stage Futile Protests
Secret labor unions existed among workers
A group of workers started to destroy factories
Tried to slow production

6. New Social Classes Emerge
Workers Find Comfort in Religion
Started to practice Methodism
People lost connections with their old churches
John Wesley started Methodism based on a personal sense of faith
Promoted sober and moral ways
Helped to teach the poor to read and write

7. Life in the Factories and Mines
Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions
Had a rigid work schedule
Shifts lasted hours
Couldn’t take breaks
Tired workers often had accidents
Most factory workers were women at first
People though they could adapt to technology faster

8. Life in the Factories and Mines
Miners Face Worse Conditions
Worked in dark tunnels
Would often breath in coal dust
Coal dust made miners sick
Risk of explosions, floods, or collapse
Women and children crawled through tunnels with heavy coal

9. Life in the Factories and Mines
Children Have Dangerous Jobs
Worked in factories and mines
Were small and fast enough to work in factories
Carried coal in extreme heat
Wages were needed to help the family
Child Labor laws were passed in the 1800s
Put age limits on when children could work

10. The Results of Industrializatin
Brought terrible hardships
Reformers pressed for labor reform laws
Working-class men gained the right to vote
More jobs were created
Wages rose
People started to have free time

11. Laissez-Faire Economics
Malthus Holds Bleak View
Belief that economy should flow naturally
Malthus soon predicted that the population would outgrow food supply
He believed population growth would keep the poor suffering
He was proven wrong
Food supply grew rapidly
People began having fewer children

12. Laissez-Faire Economics
Ricardo Shares View
David Ricardo become a leading economist in Great Britain
Argued that people had more children with higher wages
Didn’t want government help for the poor

13. Utilitarians for Limited Government
Government should focus on the greatest happiness for the greatest amount people
Believed in government intervention
Government should improve harsh living conditions
Wanted to give women and workers the right to vote

14. Socialist Thought Emerges
Are Utopians Dreamers?
Government would own means of production
All work was shared and all debt was shared
Believed fighting would stop without classes

15. Socialist Thought Emerges
Owen Establishes a Utopia
Robert Owen developed a Utopian Society in Scotland
Forbade child labor
Welcome workers unions

16. Karl Marx Calls for Worker Control
Karl Marx condemned the idea of Utopianism
Predicted a struggle between classes
Came to be known as Communism
Government owned and controlled economy and politics

17. Marxism in the Future Marxism Briefly Flourishes
Social democracy formed in Germany
Gradual transition from capitalism to socialism
Russian revolution developed a communist government
Other countries soon followed

18. Marxism in the Future Marxism Loses Appeal Governments started to fail
Workers would unite against the government
By the end of the 20th century few communist countries remained

19. movement of people from rural areas to cities
Vocabulary
Urbanization
movement of people from rural areas to cities
Tenement
multistory building divided into crowded apartments
Labor Union
workers’ organization
Thomas Malthus
British economist that developed population theory
Jeremy Bentham
Father utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
idea that the goal of the society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Socialism
system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

20. Developed a Utopian society
Vocabulary
Means of Production
farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods
Robert Owen
Developed a Utopian society
Karl Marx
German philosopher, believed in realism rejected Utopianism
Communism
form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; accord to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole
Proletariat
working class
Social Democracy
political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow