1. Department of Animal Biology, Ecology, Parasitology, and Soil Science
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
“Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict”
Centro de Lobo Ibérico de Castilla y León (Robledo de Sanabria – Spain) April 2017.
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Víctor Colino Rabanal, Roberto Rodríguez-Díaz, Miguel Lizana, Salvador J. Peris, María J. Blanco-Villegas
Department of Animal Biology, Ecology, Parasitology, and Soil Science
University of Salamanca Phone:

2. Scientific basis for the definition of protected areas
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Favourable
Unfavourable
Large
Continuos
Closed
Grouped
Conected
Circular
Small
Fragmented
Remote
Linear
Isolated
Elongated a b c d e f
Scientific basis for the definition of protected areas
Island biogeography theory (MacArthur & Wilson)
Metapopulation and source-sink dynamics (Hanski)

3. EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Target 1 Conserving and restoring nature
Target 3 Sustainable
agriculture
& forestry
Target 4 Sustainable
fisheries
Target 5
Lucha contra las especies exóticas invasoras
Target 6
Addressing the global biodiversity crisis
Other EU legislation (Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy Framework Directive)
Target 2
By 2020 ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced by establising green infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems
Action 6b
Green Infrastructure Strategy (by 2012)
Action 7b
No Net Loss initiative (by 2015)
Action 6a
Restoration and priorisation framework (by 2014)
Action 7a
Biodiversity proofing methodology (by 2014)
Action 5
Mapping and evaluation of ecosystems and their services (by 2014)
Economic value assessment and integration into accounting and reporting systems (by 2020)
Knowledge base
Policy tools
Policy initiatives
Maintenance of ecosystem services
Strategic approach to compensation
Baseline
EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy

4. EU Green Infrastructure Strategy (2013)
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
EU Green Infrastructure Strategy (2013)
Green Infrastructure can be broadly defined as a strategically planned network of high quality natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features, which is designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and protect biodiversity in both rural and urban settings. (European Commision 2014).
Considering the strengths of Green Infrastructure, the EU has recognized it as an important instrument for directing regional policy and sustainable development in Europe and includes it in the context of its Europe 2020 Growth Strategy.

5. Green infrastructure attributes
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green infrastructure attributes
Green infrastructure
Climate change adaptation & mitigation
Flood alliviation & management
Quality of place
Health & wellbeing
Land and biodiversity
Productivity
Land & property values
Economic growth & investment
Tourism
Products from the land
Recreation and leisure
MULTI-SCALAR
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL

6. EU Green Infrastructure Strategy (2013)
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
EU Green Infrastructure Strategy (2013)

7. Green Infrastructure Ecosystem Services Green Infrastructure and Wolf
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green Infrastructure
Ecosystem
Services

8. Green infrastructure spatial dimension
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green infrastructure spatial dimension
Ecosystem services
Air quality regulation
Erosion protection
Water flow protection
Coastal protection
Pollination
Maintenance of soil structure and quality
Water purification
Carbon storage
Ecosystem services
Eight species of large mammals including Canis lupus

9. Green Infrastructure Ecosystem Services Green Infrastructure and Wolf
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green Infrastructure
Ecosystem
Services

10. Green Infrastructure components
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green Infrastructure components
Green infrastructure components aimed to ensure ecological are:
• core areas, where biodiversity conservation is the priority, even if that area is not legally protected.
• corridors (linear, landscape, stepping stones…), aimed to maintain ecological and environmental connectivity through physical links between core areas.

11. Green Infrastructure components
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green Infrastructure components
• buffer zones, which protect the ecological network from harmful external influences. These are transitional areas where a compatibilization of the uses is encouraged.
• sustainable-use areas are remaining areas that can be subject to more intensive land use, but they should still contribute to the successful provision of ecosystem goods and services.

12. The need for ecological restoration
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
The need for ecological restoration
If we want Green Infrastructure….
…. which y esto requiere muchos casos de restauración ecológica…
…. we need to enhance connectivity…

13. Opportunities and threats of this expansion
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
GI may favour and accelerate wolf (re)colonization of areas without current presence
Opportunities and threats of this expansion

14. Green Infrastructure Ecosystem Services Green Infrastructure and Wolf
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Green Infrastructure
Ecosystem
Services

15. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES)
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES)
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment defines “ecosystem services” (ES) as "the benefits people obtain from ecosystems”

16. Ecosystem services and wolves
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Ecosystem services and wolves
Direct use vales
Trophis cascades
Indirect use values
Much research effort is needed
Non use values

17. Wolf damage to livestock
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Ecosystem services and wolves: ecosystem diservices
Wolf damage to livestock

18. € WIN - WIN CAP reformulation
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Market-based mechanism to manage and protect wildlife: Payments for Ecosystem Services
Payments for Ecosystem Services: are incentives offered to farmers or landowners in exchange for managing their land to provide some sort of ecological service. €
CAP reformulation
WIN - WIN

19. UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
Conclusions
Green infrastructure constitutes a challenge for the management of wolf populations, generating new opportunities and threats. Wolf management should be considered in the Spanish and Autonomous Communities IT Strategies.
Much research effort and more long-term studies are needed to evaluate the role of wolves in ecosystem services provision.
New marked-based mechanism could emerge; e.g. payment for ecosystem services

20. Happy Earth Day, Howlssss ¡¡¡
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SALAMANCA
Green Infrastructure and Wolf
Wolf Management and Conservation in North America and Europe. An Unresolved Conflict
"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man"
-George Bernard Shaw-
Happy Earth Day, Howlssss ¡¡¡