1. THE HOLOCAUST

2. DEFINTIONS: HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE
the systematic destruction of a group of people based on their race, religion, or citizenship.
including murder, creating intolerable living conditions, imposing birth control or sterilization methods, removing all children and bringing them up in another group.
HOLOCAUST
Originally used during the Middle Ages.
the mechanized killing of 6 million European Jews and 10 million other ‘undesirable’ peoples during WWII.
The distinguishing factor was its efficiency
The Nazis strived to maximize their hourly body count. 

3. HOLOCAUST STATISTICS

4. PROGRESSION OF DISCRIMINATION
1933- Hitler & Nazis seize power
,000 Jews living in Germany
year to year escalation of attack on the Jewish people by Hitler and Nazis
3 Key points behind Hitler’s Motives
Jews were responsible for Germany’s WWI defeat
to protect the purity of the “Master Race”
Early years in anti-Semitic environment

5. 1933 NAZIS boycott Jewish businesses Define Aryan "master race.”
must remain pure
"Aryan“ -blonde, blue-eyed, and tall- Nordic
Hermann Goering creates the GESTAPO
secret police of Nazi Germany
Responsible for state security
authority to send individuals to concentration camps
first concentration camps are built

6. 1934 Jews denied national health insurance
SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed
elite corps of troops
Schutzstaffel- “protective shield”
a bodyguard for Hitler and other Nazi leaders
Hitler becomes Der Fuherer
90% approval rating from the people

7. 1935- Nuremberg Race Laws
Institutionalized the racial theories in the Nazi ideology
Laws for the Protection of German Blood and Honour
No marriage or sex between Jews and Germans
No employment of German females in Jewish households
Reich Citizenship Law
Only Germans were eligible to be citizens
the rest were state subjects, without citizenship rights. 

8. 1936 Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of the German Police (SS)
Olympic Games held in Berlin
Both Summer and Winter Games
Summer: Hitler builds a new 100,000-seat stadium and many other arenas
Jews treated better – briefly
Summer Game First Live Televised Event

9. 1937 Jews not allowed to teach Germans or be accountants or dentists
“Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germany
promoted stereo-types of Jews and warned Germans
Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people

10. 1938 Hitler removes War Ministry, takes direct control of Military
Nazi troops enter Austria
League of Nations considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will take them
Large population of Polish Jews deported from Germany
Poland only accept some, the rest are left stranded
Jews are not allowed to practice medicine

11. 1938-KRISTALLNACHT “Night of Broken Glass” November 9 & 10, 1938
Nazi official killed in Paris by a Jew
Jewish homes, stores and synagogues vandalized & burned down
91 Jews killed & authorities watch and did nothing
Reported Live around the world
Badly damaged the image of Germany
More sanctions on the Jews followed
Start of the “Final Solution”

12. 1939 Germans work to speed up emigration of Jews
The St. Louis ocean liner is turned away by Canada, USA, and Cuba
Captain trying to find home for 908 Jews on board
Eventually accepted by various European Countries
25% die in German camps
Jews must hand over all gold and silver
Remaining Jewish-owned companies closed
Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia
350,000 Jews

13. POLAND 1939 Nazis invade Poland
3.35 million Jews
Hans Frank appointed governor of Poland
Worked for the Nazis party
Forced labor decree issued
300,000 Polish Prisoners working in Germany
Age 14 and up
Wore “P” to identify them at all times
all Jews must wear Yellow Star of David
“I ask nothing of Jews except that they should disappear” -Hans Frank

15. 1940 German Jews are deported to Poland
Ghettos of Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off
600,000 Jews
These ghettos will be liquidated starting in 1942
“Madagascar Plan” proposed
Nazis wanted to relocate ALL European Jews to Madagascar
1 million per year, over 4 years
Plan: Police State under SS
Many Jews would die
Prevented by British Navy
Idea shelved in exchange for “Final Solution”

16. 1941 Nazis invade the Soviet Union 3 million Jews
Hitler issues “Commissar Order”
Bolshevist prisoners were to be executed
Nazis believed Jews started the Russian Revolution
SS “Death Squads” followed advance of German Army
responsible for mass killings
Usually killed Civilians

17. Wannsee Conference
High ranking Nazis officials seeking “Final Solution” to the “Jewish Question”
attempt to exterminate all European Jews
estimated 11 million people
“Europe would be combed of Jews from East to West”

18. FINAL SOLUTION
“Now judgment has begun and it will reach its conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” -Nazi Newspaper
3 phases of the Nazi plan to carry out the “Final Solution”

19. Phase 1 = Shooting Jews rounded up and told they were to be relocated
taken to the woods and shot one by one
Bodies buried in mass graves

20. Phase 2 = Gas Vans
rounded up and told they were to be relocated in vans
exhaust was piped back into the van
700,000 Jews killed in Vans

21. Problems with Phases 1,2 1) both methods were taking to much time
2) gas and munitions were becoming scarce
3) soldiers involved were having psychological problems with what they were doing.

22. Phase 3 = The Camps Nazi decided to speed up the “Final Solution”
Create 2 different types of camps:
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
EXTERMINATION/ DEATH CAMPS
Jews from all over Europe to be brought here

24. CONCENTRATION CAMPS Over 100 in Nazi-occupied Europe
prisoners used for forced labor
prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year
communists, homosexuals, criminals, and social-democrats
First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

25. RAVENSBRUCK Camp for women only, some children
Small male camp, prisoners built & ran gas chamber
50,000 killed
24,000 prisoners sent on Death march before camp fell to allies

26. THERESIENSTADT Most “humane” camp well connected Jews and war veterans
Jews married to Aryans could pay to go to this camp
Red Cross inspected this camp
Many prisoners shipped out before inspection
Rooms painted and fake shops built
Performance put on by children
Guests taken on guided tour, staged questions asked to inmates
stop over on the way to Auschwitz

27. EXTERMINATION CAMPS
concept started with killing of mentally and physically disabled
most located in Poland
Majority of Jews located here
Started as concentration camps
added gas chambers
also killed via extreme work conditions or manual killing
After Jews relocated to deaths Camps via train after being told of resettlement
3.2 Million Jews killed in Death camps

29. AUSCHWITZ January 1940 (Poland)
Auschwitz selected for the Final Solution
had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943
mass killings with Zyklon B gas
recorded 12,000 kills in one day
: 1.1 million killed

30. ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS
THE SS AT AUSCHWITZ
ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS
TEETH WITH GOLD
PILES OF GLASSES

31. ZYKLON-B Gas used to kill vermin
Inexpensive compared to Carbon Monoxide
Easier to transport
Dropped from ceilings in shower-like facilities

32. MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS Sterilization of men and women
endurance of pain to high and low temperatures and pressure
Injected prisoners with diseases to look for a cure
experiments on twins to increase number of multiple births to Aryan women

33. OPERATION REINHARD TREBLINKA Deadliest Phase of Final Solution
March 1942-November 1943
carried out at three camps, run by the SS
Prisoners dead within 2 hours or arrival
Total of 1,700,000 Jews killed
TREBLINKA
Disguised as a Train Station
Jews from Warsaw Ghetto
10 GAS CHAMBERS
Bodies were burned in open pits
killed in 15 months

35. “Special Action 1005”
Nazis knew they couldn’t hold borders
attempted to dismantle the camps and destroy all records
wanted to conceal the extermination process and mass graves
Used prisoners to dig up and burn the bodies
Some camps remained intact and were liberated by Soviet troops
Nazi Officials were tried at the Nuremburg Trials for their role in the Holocaust
Many sentenced to execution
“Just Following Orders”