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THE HOLOCAUST.

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Presentation on theme: "THE HOLOCAUST."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE HOLOCAUST

2 DEFINTIONS: HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE
the systematic destruction of a group of people based on their race, religion, or citizenship. including murder, creating intolerable living conditions, imposing birth control or sterilization methods, removing all children and bringing them up in another group. HOLOCAUST Originally used during the Middle Ages. the mechanized killing of 6 million European Jews and 10 million other ‘undesirable’ peoples during WWII. The distinguishing factor was its efficiency The Nazis strived to maximize their hourly body count. 

3 HOLOCAUST STATISTICS

4 PROGRESSION OF DISCRIMINATION
1933- Hitler & Nazis seize power ,000 Jews living in Germany year to year escalation of attack on the Jewish people by Hitler and Nazis 3 Key points behind Hitler’s Motives Jews were responsible for Germany’s WWI defeat to protect the purity of the “Master Race” Early years in anti-Semitic environment

5 1933 NAZIS boycott Jewish businesses Define Aryan "master race.”
must remain pure "Aryan“ -blonde, blue-eyed, and tall- Nordic Hermann Goering creates the GESTAPO secret police of Nazi Germany Responsible for state security authority to send individuals to concentration camps first concentration camps are built

6 1934 Jews denied national health insurance
SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed elite corps of troops Schutzstaffel- “protective shield” a bodyguard for Hitler and other Nazi leaders Hitler becomes Der Fuherer 90% approval rating from the people

7 1935- Nuremberg Race Laws Institutionalized the racial theories in the Nazi ideology Laws for the Protection of German Blood and Honour No marriage or sex between Jews and Germans No employment of German females in Jewish households Reich Citizenship Law Only Germans were eligible to be citizens the rest were state subjects, without citizenship rights. 

8 1936 Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of the German Police (SS)
Olympic Games held in Berlin Both Summer and Winter Games Summer: Hitler builds a new 100,000-seat stadium and many other arenas Jews treated better – briefly Summer Game First Live Televised Event

9 1937 Jews not allowed to teach Germans or be accountants or dentists
“Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germany promoted stereo-types of Jews and warned Germans Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people

10 1938 Hitler removes War Ministry, takes direct control of Military
Nazi troops enter Austria League of Nations considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will take them Large population of Polish Jews deported from Germany Poland only accept some, the rest are left stranded Jews are not allowed to practice medicine

11 1938-KRISTALLNACHT “Night of Broken Glass” November 9 & 10, 1938
Nazi official killed in Paris by a Jew Jewish homes, stores and synagogues vandalized & burned down 91 Jews killed & authorities watch and did nothing Reported Live around the world Badly damaged the image of Germany More sanctions on the Jews followed Start of the “Final Solution”

12 1939 Germans work to speed up emigration of Jews
The St. Louis ocean liner is turned away by Canada, USA, and Cuba Captain trying to find home for 908 Jews on board Eventually accepted by various European Countries 25% die in German camps Jews must hand over all gold and silver Remaining Jewish-owned companies closed Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia 350,000 Jews

13 POLAND 1939 Nazis invade Poland
3.35 million Jews Hans Frank appointed governor of Poland Worked for the Nazis party Forced labor decree issued 300,000 Polish Prisoners working in Germany Age 14 and up Wore “P” to identify them at all times all Jews must wear Yellow Star of David “I ask nothing of Jews except that they should disappear” -Hans Frank

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15 1940 German Jews are deported to Poland
Ghettos of Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off 600,000 Jews These ghettos will be liquidated starting in 1942 “Madagascar Plan” proposed Nazis wanted to relocate ALL European Jews to Madagascar 1 million per year, over 4 years Plan: Police State under SS Many Jews would die Prevented by British Navy Idea shelved in exchange for “Final Solution”

16 1941 Nazis invade the Soviet Union 3 million Jews
Hitler issues “Commissar Order” Bolshevist prisoners were to be executed Nazis believed Jews started the Russian Revolution SS “Death Squads” followed advance of German Army responsible for mass killings Usually killed Civilians

17 Wannsee Conference High ranking Nazis officials seeking “Final Solution” to the “Jewish Question” attempt to exterminate all European Jews estimated 11 million people “Europe would be combed of Jews from East to West”

18 FINAL SOLUTION “Now judgment has begun and it will reach its conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” -Nazi Newspaper 3 phases of the Nazi plan to carry out the “Final Solution”

19 Phase 1 = Shooting Jews rounded up and told they were to be relocated
taken to the woods and shot one by one Bodies buried in mass graves

20 Phase 2 = Gas Vans rounded up and told they were to be relocated in vans exhaust was piped back into the van 700,000 Jews killed in Vans

21 Problems with Phases 1,2 1) both methods were taking to much time
2) gas and munitions were becoming scarce 3) soldiers involved were having psychological problems with what they were doing.

22 Phase 3 = The Camps Nazi decided to speed up the “Final Solution”
Create 2 different types of camps: CONCENTRATION CAMPS EXTERMINATION/ DEATH CAMPS Jews from all over Europe to be brought here

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24 CONCENTRATION CAMPS Over 100 in Nazi-occupied Europe
prisoners used for forced labor prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year communists, homosexuals, criminals, and social-democrats First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

25 RAVENSBRUCK Camp for women only, some children
Small male camp, prisoners built & ran gas chamber 50,000 killed 24,000 prisoners sent on Death march before camp fell to allies

26 THERESIENSTADT Most “humane” camp well connected Jews and war veterans
Jews married to Aryans could pay to go to this camp Red Cross inspected this camp Many prisoners shipped out before inspection Rooms painted and fake shops built Performance put on by children Guests taken on guided tour, staged questions asked to inmates stop over on the way to Auschwitz

27 EXTERMINATION CAMPS concept started with killing of mentally and physically disabled most located in Poland Majority of Jews located here Started as concentration camps added gas chambers also killed via extreme work conditions or manual killing After Jews relocated to deaths Camps via train after being told of resettlement 3.2 Million Jews killed in Death camps

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29 AUSCHWITZ January 1940 (Poland)
Auschwitz selected for the Final Solution had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943 mass killings with Zyklon B gas recorded 12,000 kills in one day : 1.1 million killed

30 ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS
THE SS AT AUSCHWITZ ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS TEETH WITH GOLD PILES OF GLASSES

31 ZYKLON-B Gas used to kill vermin
Inexpensive compared to Carbon Monoxide Easier to transport Dropped from ceilings in shower-like facilities

32 MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS Sterilization of men and women
endurance of pain to high and low temperatures and pressure Injected prisoners with diseases to look for a cure experiments on twins to increase number of multiple births to Aryan women

33 OPERATION REINHARD TREBLINKA Deadliest Phase of Final Solution
March 1942-November 1943 carried out at three camps, run by the SS Prisoners dead within 2 hours or arrival Total of 1,700,000 Jews killed TREBLINKA Disguised as a Train Station Jews from Warsaw Ghetto 10 GAS CHAMBERS Bodies were burned in open pits killed in 15 months

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35 “Special Action 1005” Nazis knew they couldn’t hold borders attempted to dismantle the camps and destroy all records wanted to conceal the extermination process and mass graves Used prisoners to dig up and burn the bodies Some camps remained intact and were liberated by Soviet troops Nazi Officials were tried at the Nuremburg Trials for their role in the Holocaust Many sentenced to execution “Just Following Orders”

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