1. Minerals

2. Minerals which are naturally existing chemical compounds.

3. Minerals can be identified by their physical properties.

4. What are the four characteristics of a mineral?
Naturally occurring
Crystal Structure/Chemical Substance
Inorganic/ Non-Living
Solid

5. Natural
A mineral must occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. It cannot be man made.

6. Inorganic
A mineral must be inorganic rather than organic. Organic materials are formed from living things. Minerals must be made from things that were never alive.

7. Solid
A mineral is always a solid. It can never be a liquid or a gas.

8. Pattern / Chemical Substance / Crystal Structure
A mineral’s atoms are arranged in a definite pattern. This repeating pattern is called a crystal.

9. Elements!
The two most common elements in the Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon. (#5)

10. Silicate Minerals
Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen are silicate minerals.
Silicate minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust.
The other 10% are non-silicate minerals.

11. The most common classification of minerals is based on chemical composition.
Minerals are classified based on chemical composition in two groups. What are these two groups?
1. Silicates
2. Nonsilicates #4 & #5

12. Common Types of Silicate Minerals
Quartz-
Basic Building block of many rocks

13. Common Types of Silicate Minerals
Feldspar – Main component of most rocks on earth’s surface

14. Common Types of Silicate Minerals
Mica –
Mica minerals separate into sheets easily when they break

15. Minerals that contain combinations of silicon and oxygen in their chemical structure are called silicates and minerals without silicon and oxygen are called nonsilicates.

16. The structure of a crystal is made by a repeating pattern of atoms
The structure of a crystal is made by a repeating pattern of atoms. The largest crystals are formed as superheated rocks slowly cool. Where are these large crystals formed? Underground near magma.

17. Non-Silicate Minerals
Minerals that do not contain oxygen or silicon are non-silicate minerals!!!
Some of these minerals are made up of elements like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur!!!

18. Minerals we use all the time

19. Minerals
Carbonates
building stones
Cement
fireworks.
Fireworks

20. Minerals
Halides
Detergents
chemical industry
Detergent

21. Minerals
Paint
Oxides
Abrasives
Paint
airplane parts.

22. Minerals
Sulfates
Paint
Cement
Toothpaste
cosmetics
Toothpaste

23. Minerals
Batteries
Sulfides
batteries
electronic parts
medicines

24. Mineral or NOT?

25. Mineral or Not?
???
Wood
NOT
It was living

26. Wood NOT – once living

27. Mineral or Not?
???
Wood
NOT
It was living

28. Mineral or Not?
???
Gold
YES

29. Mineral or Not?
???
Fossil
NOT
It was living

30. Mineral or Not?
???
Topaz
YES

31. Mineral or Not?
???
bone
NOT
It is living

32. Mineral or Not?
???
Granite
YES

33. Mineral or Not?
???
Quartz
YES

34. Mineral or Not?
???
Pearls
NOT
Made by oysters

35. Mineral or Not?
???
Talc
YES

36. Mineral or Not?
???
Diamond
YES

37. Mineral or Not? ??? coal NOT Was once living material – plants
Sedimentary rock

38. Mineral or Not?
???
Rock Salt
YES