1. Korean War and Vietnam War

2. Journal 11-11 What was the Cold War?
What country was divided into two halves and controlled by 4 different countries?
What’d the Marshall Plan do?
What do the United Nations, NATO, and the Warsaw Pact do?
What’s the Truman Doctrine?
What’s an arms race?

3. The Korean War
1. The United States became involved in the Korean War in when communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea.
2. The United States fought with South Korea to stop communism.
China entered the Korean War on the side of North Korea.

4. The Korean War
3. The was ended in a stalemate, North Korea remaining communist and South Korea democratic. A truce was signed in North and South Korea remain divided along the 38th parallel today.
stalemate: a draw, in which neither side can win.

5. Vietnam War
The United States began providing economic aid to the French in Vietnam as part of the American policy of containment.
French Indochina & Geneva Accords
Ho Chi Minh & Ngo Dinh Diem
4. In the 1950s and 1960s, communist North Vietnam attempted to force a communist government in South Vietnam. The United States provided assistance to South Vietnam to resist.

6. American Involvement in Vietnam
5. United States military participation in Vietnam increased during the presidencies of John F. Kennedy ( ) and Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) ( ).
6. American military forces repeatedly defeated North Vietnam but were unable to force an end to the war through a “limited” war (little involvement).

7. Protests Against Vietnam
7. Americans became deeply divided over the Vietnam War. War protests took place, especially on college campuses.
Kent State Shooting, 1970
8. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided not to run for re- election. Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968 in the middle of the Vietnam War.

8. The End of the War in Vietnam
9. “Vietnamization” was Nixon’s plan to withdraw American troops and replace them with U.S.-supplied South Vietnamese forces. It was unsuccessful because South Vietnamese forces were unable to resist invasion from Soviet-supplied North Vietnam. 10. A peace agreement was signed in 1973, and United States troops left Vietnam. In 1975, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, which was unable to resist. Vietnam became a united country under a communist government.

9. Timeline of Vietnam French colonialism in Vietnam: 1800s-1941.
Japan took over Vietnam during WWII, but when Japan was defeated in 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence.
But French came back in and tried to take over again; U.S. supported French. The French lost in 1954.
1954: Geneva Convention split the country into North and South, with the idea that there would be free elections in the near future.
(U.S. DID NOT sign Geneva Accords, for fear that Communists would win the general elections).
U.S. supported South Vietnam leader, Diem. But Diem turned out to be oppressive and unpopular. He canceled elections, repressed Buddhists; caused major discontent in South Vietnam.

10. Timeline of Vietnam
U.S. feared that Diem’s unpopularity will push more South Vietnamese to support Communists. So they supported a coup and Diem was overthrown and assassinated—Nov. 1, 1963.
JFK assassinated only weeks later. LBJ inherited the problem in Vietnam.
Under new weak South Vietnam government, support for Communism grew; North Vietnam smuggled weapons into South Vietnam to support Communist insurgents through a network of trails through Laos and Cambodia (Ho Chi Minh trails).
Aug. 2, North Vietnamese attacked U.S.S. Maddox; Aug. 4. –another attack provided grounds for Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (second attack turned out to be fake—never happened).
President Johnson asked Congress to pass Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave him authorization to use military force in Vietnam (not a declaration of war).