1. HW: BRF #39-47 135 Things… (due FRIDAY)
Tuesday
May 30, 2017
I can:
review biotechnology and evolution concepts
Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(15) Biotech Review
(30) Quizlet Live
(15) Evolution Self-Study
(20) Daily Quiz
Catalyst
Take out “135 Things You Need to Know for the NC EOC Biology Exam” packet
Either continue working, have questions ready (“I don’t understand question 5”), or study until we begin
Draw me a picture of a dolphin
HW: BRF #39-47
135 Things… (due FRIDAY)

2. Goal: 100% proficiency on the EOC
65%+ correct shows you’re ready for college-level Biology courses

3. The Human Genome Project (HGP)
The HGP identified all the genes in the human genome by sequencing all 3 billion base pairs.
The HGP helps us know if someone has a genetic disease by comparing their DNA to a “normal” sequence.
The HGP did NOT:
CURE all genetic disorders
figure out EVERY SINGLE genetic disorder (we’re still working on it)

4. SO WHAT?
Why is it useful to find out if someone has a genetic disease?
How could we cure them?

5. Gene Therapy
may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a HEALTHY gene into a patient’s cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
Technique remains risky and is still under study to make sure that it will be safe and effective.

6. Gene Therapy
Scientists are attempting to use vectors that carry DNA (healthy gene) into a cell to treat genetic diseases
Replaces broken genes with new ones
The new DNA causes the patient to produce the right proteins, which would cure the disease
DNA  mRNA  protein

7. Stem Cell Using undifferentiated cells to grow specialized cells
Growth
Repair
(wear and tear; injury)
Fighting disease

8. Gel Electrophoresis
Process used to create DNA fingerprints by separating DNA out by size.
uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into smaller pieces
smaller bands move the furthest, largest bands are closest to the well
used for crime scene investigation, paternity tests, testing relatedness of organisms

10. changing the DNA of organisms to benefit humans
Genetic Engineering
changing the DNA of organisms to benefit humans

11. GMO Genetically Modified Organism
genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and inserted into an unrelated plant or animal
tries to make plants more beneficial (make them freeze-, drought-, and disease-resistant, more nutritious, etc.)

12. Dolly was created in a lab in 1997 from a single cell.
Cloning
Makes identical copies of an organism
The chromosome number of the new organism would be exactly identical to the old organism
All of the DNA, features and characteristics would be the same
Dolly was created in a lab in 1997 from a single cell.

13. Transgenic Organisms +

14. Transgenic Organisms organisms that have DNA from another species
Bacteria can be engineered to produce insulin (enzyme needed to treat diabetes)
Plants can be engineered to be resistant to diseases and pests
Bacteria can be engineered to eat oil to clean up spills like the BP spill off of the gulf coast

15. Bacterial Transformation
Bacteria have circular DNA called a plasmid that can be shared easily among individuals.
1. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA we want in specific places
2. A vector, or a virus, delivers the new gene into the bacteria
3. The new genes are inserted into the bacteria’s DNA
4. The bacteria begins to express proteins from the new genes

16. Evolution can happen in two ways:
Natural selection (aka survival of the fittest) – organisms best suited to their environments survive and pass on their genes more
Genetic drift – certain organisms survive due to random events
proposed by Charles Darwin

17. Requirements for Evolution
The requirements for evolution can be remembered by the mnemonic VSIT:
Variation
Selection
Inheritance
Time

18. closer together = more closely related
most recent
closer together = more closely related
most primitive = developed earliest in time
organisms have the traits that evolved before them

19. Which is the best reason for why we modify the classification of organisms? a. new ideas b. the history of classification c. newly discovered evolutionary relationships d. the changing nature of binomial nomenclature