1. Populations

2. Population – a group of organisms of one species living in a given area at the same time

3. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution –

4. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species

5. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density –

6. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area

7. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate –

8. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate – how fast a population is able to increase in number

9. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate – how fast a population is able to increase in number
Birth rate – total number of live births per 1,000 per year

10. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate – how fast a population is able to increase in number
Birth rate – total number of live births per 1,000 people per year
Death rate – number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

11. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate – how fast a population is able to increase in number
Birth rate – total number of live births per 1,000 people per year
Death rate – number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
Immigration – migration INTO a population

12. Factors Affecting Population
Geographical Distribution – range inhabited by a species
Density – number of individuals per unit area
Growth Rate – how fast a population is able to increase in number
Birth rate – total number of live births per 1,000 people per year
Death rate – number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
Immigration – migration INTO a population
Emigration – migration OUT OF a population

13. Limiting Factor –

14. Limiting Factor – something that causes a population to decrease or prevents it from growing limitlessly

15. Limiting Factor – something that causes a population to decrease or prevents it from growing limitlessly
Carrying Capacity (K) –

16. Limiting Factor – something that causes a population to decrease or prevents it from growing limitlessly
Carrying Capacity (K) – the maximum number of individuals an environment can sustain without detrimental effects

17. Limiting Factor – something that causes a population to decrease or prevents it from growing limitlessly
Carrying Capacity (K) – the maximum number of individuals an environment can sustain without detrimental effects

18. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent –

19. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population

20. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high

21. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high
Effects are intensified as the population density increases

22. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high
Effects are intensified as the population density increases
Density-independent –

23. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high
Effects are intensified as the population density increases
Density-independent – factors that do not depend on the size of the population

24. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high
Effects are intensified as the population density increases
Density-independent – factors that do not depend on the size of the population
Are limiting regardless of the size of the population

25. 2 Types of Limiting Factors
Density-dependent – factors that depend on the size of the population
Only become limiting when the population density becomes very high
Effects are intensified as the population density increases
Density-independent – factors that do not depend on the size of the population
Are limiting regardless of the size of the population
Affect all populations in similar ways

26. Density Dependent Factors

27. Density Dependent Factors
Predation

28. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases

29. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease

30. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit

31. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit
Parasitism

32. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit
Parasitism
High densities make it easier for parasites to find hosts, and spread diseases

33. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit
Parasitism
High densities make it easier for parasites to find hosts, and spread diseases
Competition

34. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit
Parasitism
High densities make it easier for parasites to find hosts, and spread diseases
Competition
More members of a population = Less Available resources = More competition

35. Density Dependent Factors
Predation
The effect of predation intensifies as the population density of predators increases
Disease
High population densities make the spread of disease easier to transmit
Parasitism
High densities make it easier for parasites to find hosts, and spread diseases
Competition
More members of a population = Less Available resources = More competition
Less members of a population = More available resources = Less competition

36. Density-Independent Factors

37. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities

38. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities
Deforestation
Over-hunting/fishing

39. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities
Deforestation
Over-hunting/fishing
Natural Disasters

40. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities
Deforestation
Over-hunting/fishing
Natural Disasters
Hurricane, tornado, flood, severe drought
Equally devastating to populations regardless of size

41. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities
Deforestation
Over-hunting/fishing
Natural Disasters
Hurricane, tornado, flood, severe drought
Equally devastating to populations regardless of size
Weather

42. Density-Independent Factors
Human Activities
Deforestation
Over-hunting/fishing
Natural Disasters
Hurricane, tornado, flood, severe drought
Equally devastating to populations regardless of size
Weather
Extremely hot/cold temperatures; frost
Adversely effects all populations regardless of their size

43. Types of Growth
Logistic Growth – population growth ↑ as resources ↑, and population growth ↓ as resources ↓
Population reaches a carrying capacity

44. Types of Growth
Exponential Growth – individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
Appears to be unlimited growth