1. Baroque Art in France

2. Hans Holbein the Younger 1540 oil on panel
Portrait of Henry VIII
Hans Holbein the Younger 1540 oil on panel
In this portrait, Henry is 49 years old.
How has power been constructed through this image?

3. Louis XIV 1701 Hyacinthe Rignaud oil on canvas
the Sun King, age 63—he succeeded to the crown at age five; he died when he was 77. He was king for seventy-two years.
How has power been constructed through this image?
Hints: ermine, sword, classical architecture, crown, fluer-de-lis, gaze of the subject...
How has the subject’s gender been constructed—emphasized? What seems contradictory to our contemporary eye?
Hints: high-heeled shoes, stockings, long luxuriant locks, femininized pose of the lower-half of his body...

4. Raphael Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi 1518-19 oil on wood
Donatello
Judith and Holofernes
bronze Palazzo Vecchio Florence

5. Consider how these images are also used to construct power.
Otto I Presenting Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ from Magdeburg Ivories
Illuminated tugra of Sultan Suleyman c
ink, paint, and gold on paper
Harold swears an oath and promises his allegiance to William. The Bayeux Tapestry

6. Louis XIV
Hyacinthe Rignaud
Van Eyck Arnolfini Portrait

7. Louis XIV
1694
Hyacinthe Rigaud
How has power been constructed differently through this image?
This image was made only seven years earlier when Louis was 56.

8. Portrait of Louis XIV as a Child Claude Mellan 1644-45 black chalk
When this six-year old king reached the age of thirty, he decided to build.

10. Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.

11. Palais de Versailles Louis Le Vau Jules Hardouin-Mansart 1668-85
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.
See the official website: en.chateauversailles.fr
Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.

12. Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.

13. The original Versailles hunting chateau built by Louis XIII.
Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.
Remember the Tennis Court Oath?
Wikipedia reminds us that: The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June They made a makeshift conference room inside a tennis court located in the Saint-Louis district of Versailles (commune), near the Palace of Versailles.
Ms. Bronwyn notes that the Third Estate had to mach out to Versailles, because Louis XIV had moved the entire court there.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May. The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate proclaiming the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July, the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August, and an epic march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October. The next few years were dominated by tensions between various liberal assemblies and a right-wing monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms.
Ms. Bronwyn notes that the citizens had to march from Paris to Versailles
The original Versailles hunting chateau built by Louis XIII.
Eventually 5,000 nobles along with 14,000 servants lived in the Versailles Palace; 30,000 residents lived in the town along with 15,000 other French nobles.

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIDU39xVcyQ (38:55)
Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.
Hall of Mirrors
Do you remember the Treaty of Versailles that formally ended WWI? The treaty was signed in this room on 29 June Think of that moment as the beginning of WWII.
(38:55)

16. Part of Marie Antoinette's “farm” where she was able to relax and pretend to be a milkmaid or a shepherdess.

18. The Petit Trianon which Louis XV had built for his mistress Madame de Pompadour; she died before the building was completed so Madame du Barry lived there.

19. Plan of Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.
Plan of Palais de Versailles
Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Andre Le Notre designed the gardens.

20. http://www. worldsiteguides