1. Circulatory System Structures
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood

2. Circulatory System Function
The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

3. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation
Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to body and back to the heart

4. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

5. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

6. Artery vs. Vein

7. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart
Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary Artery
Carried under great pressure
Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

8. Capillaries Smallest vessel Microscopic Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here

9. Veins: Carries blood to heart
Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
Exception pulmonary vein
Blood not under much pressure
Valves to prevent much gravity pull
Venules: larger than capillaries

10. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

11. The Heart

12. Your Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.
During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

13. Heart: Structure and Function
Keeps blood moving
Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle

14. Structure of Heart Four chambers Two upper (Atria) Right Atria
Left Atria
Two lower (Ventricles)
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

16. Bloods Path Through the Heart
Both Atria fill at same time
Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavas
Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins
After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

17. Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
against gravity,
through pulmonary arteries

18. Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)
Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood
out of heart through
aorta (largest vessel)

19. The Blood!!! Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Water Red Blood Cells
Plasma
White blood cells and platelets

20. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones
*side note Erythro = Red
Cyte= Cell or Container.

21. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection Less abundant Large cells
Attack foreign substances
Less abundant
Large cells
Leuko = white
Cytes = Cell

22. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
Form a web trapping blood cells

23. Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

24. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four TypesAB O
Inherited from your parents

25. Blood Types

26. What happens when you mix blood types?
Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens
If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING
Type O is the universal donor
Type AB is the universal acceptor

27. What Makes Our Blood Type?

28. Blood Transfusions Blood Type of Recipient Blood Type of Donor
A B AB O A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion

29. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
Rh+ (have antigen)
Rh- (NO antigen)
Can cause complications in pregnancies
mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies
2nd Rh + body attacks baby
Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation