1. Which direction does blood flow in an artery? In a vein?
artery = away from heart / vein = toward the heart
What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel?
1. Connective tissue 2. Smooth muscle 3. endothelium
What is the pericardium? What does it do?
Outside covering of the heart – functions: protection, anchors heart to other structures, lubrication
What is the myocardium?
Middle layer of heart wall – twisted cardiac muscle
Into what chamber do the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava empty blood?
Right atria

2. What does the septum do?
Divides the heart into left and right portions
Where does blood from the right ventricle go?
To the pulmonary artery then to the lungs
Where does blood from the left ventricle go?
To the aorta then to the body
What are the 4 valves of the heart? You must know location and function
Tricsupid valve – between right atrium and right ventricle Bicuspid (mitral) valve – between left atrium and left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve – between left ventricle and aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve – between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

3. Trace the electrical signal from beginning to end in a heartbeat?
SA node – AV node – AV bundle – Purkinje Network
What are some factors that affect blood pressure?
Nervous system, blood volume, temperature, diet, exercise
What is the difference between angina and an M.I. (heart attack)?
Angina involves a BRIEF lack of O2 to the heart – an M.I. is the heart muscle dying
Fibrillation is the result of a problem with what part of the heart?
SA node, AV node or both – the electrical conducting system of the heart

4. What is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What are the blood vessels that make up the cardiovascular system?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
What do the chordae tendinae do?
Attaches to papillary muscle and prevents valves from inverting and allowing blood to travel backwards in the heart

5. Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood
Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood? Which side has deoxygenated blood?
Oxygenated = left side
Deoxygenated = right side
What do the waves on an ECG correspond to?
Contraction of the heart
P wave = depolarization of the atria
QRS complex = depolarization of ventricles
T wave = repolarization of ventricles

6. Brachiocephalic Artery
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atria
Right Atria
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Septum
Inferior Vena Cava