3. Grammatistes – Reading, Writing and Arithmetic Teacher

4. Kitharistes – Kithara/Music Teacher

5. Kithara

8. Grammatistes – Correcting Homework!!!?

9. Wax Writing Tablet

10. Singing

11. Paidagogos – ‘Boy-keeper’

12. Physical Education

13. Wrestling – ‘Pankration’

14. Paidotribes – P.E. Teacher

15. Discus

16. Jumping

17. Halteres – Jumping Weights

18. Javelin

19. Running

20. Palaestra –Exercise Area

21. Strigil

22. Strigil

23. Strigil

24. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys
Started from age 6 or 7 to age 14.
Not compulsory.
Fees paid.
Started early in the morning.
Lessons usually held in the open air.
No holidays except on ‘festival days’.
Corporal punishment practised.

25. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys
There were no tables or desks.
Pupils used wax-tablets to make notes.
Scrolls of papyrus were used instead of books.
Boys accompanied by a ‘paidagogos’ – ‘boy-keeper’.

26. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys (Continued)
There were 4 main areas of intellectual study: Writing, Reading, Arithmetic, Music.
Writing, Reading and Arithmetic taught by a ‘Grammatistes’.
Music – playing the kithara and aulos and singing - taught by a ‘Kitharistes’.
On top of this there was also Physical Education: boxing, wrestling, jumping, discus, javelin and running - taught by ‘Paidotribes’.

27. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys: The Paidagogos
Means ‘boy-keeper’.
He was a trusted slave.
He saw boys to and from ‘school’ safely – they couldn’t play truant!
He made sure boys behaved well in public.
He carried a long cane – to punish boys who misbehaved with!
He carried boys’ writing-tablets and musical instruments.
He sat in class and helped boys with their work.

28. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys: The Grammatistes
Taught Reading, Writing and Arithmetic.
First, boys learned the Greek alphabet – sometimes set to music to make it easier.
Then boys learned to read. Difficult as words were joined and there was no punctuation!
When they could read well, boys read the poems of Homer – The Iliad and The Odyssey – and sometimes learned them by heart.
Arithmetic was taught using an abacus.

29. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys: The Kitharistes
Taught Music.
Boys learned to play the kithara (lyre) and aulos (double flute) and to sing.
Music helped boys to appreciate the poems of Homer which was composed and sung to music.

30. Ancient Athenian Education for Boys: The Paidotribes
Taught Physical Education.
He carried a forked stick as a symbol of his power and to inflict punishment on boys who misbehaved.
Boys were taught in the Palaestra – exercise area.
Boys instructed in javelin, discus, jumping, running, boxing and wrestling.
Boys exercised naked!

31. Athenian Education for Boys After Age 14
If a boy’s parents were rich, he carried on his education until aged 18.
Intellectual subjects studied included Mathematics, Astronomy, Public Speaking, Philosophy, Literature and Music.
Physical Education continued either under the tuition of the paidotribes or at a public sports-centre called the ‘gymnasium’.
Some richer boys paid to attend lectures of visiting lecturers called ‘sophists’.

32. Why were these subjects taught?
Arithmetic – helped with accounts, business, land ownership.
Reading & Writing – helped with accounts, business, writing letters, reading public notices, participation in public life.
Music/Literature/Singing – helped understand religious heritage, social occasions, used Homer for moral instruction – how to live life the right way, taking part in the Chorus.

33. Why were these subjects taught?
Physical Education – helped prepare for military service, ‘healthy body-healthy mind’, Olympic Games?
Public Speaking – helped with a political career and in the law courts.
Trades – taught by father.

34. Ancient Athenian Education for Girls
Girls stayed at home.
They received instruction in the skills required to run a household.
This included: cooking, spinning, weaving, supervision of slaves etc.
Some girls received an informal education in reading, writing and arithmetic so that they could run the household finances.

35. Differences between Ancient and Modern Athenian Education
Boys only.
Not compulsory.
All education paid for – no state education.
Early start.
No school building.
Small classes.
Limited subjects taught.
Learned letters before learning to read.
Read and learned poems by heart for moral improvement.
Paidagogos.
Wax tablets.
Corporal punishment