1. Mental Illness
HSP3UC

2. Define Mental Illness
Each group will have a mental health issue

4. What is Mental Illness
There are different kinds of mental illness’ each characterized by different sets of symptoms that affect how we think, feel and behave. Symptoms can include depressed mood, extreme mood swings, disturbances in thought or perception, obsessions or fears, or other overwhelming feelings of anxiety.
Most mental disorders cannot be definitively diagnosed with an objective medical test.

5. Stigma Around Mental Illness

6. Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness
People with mental illnesses are seen as “dangerous” and “unstable”
There is the idea that the cause of mental illness is personal "weakness”
Some believe that those suffering from mental illness cannot be social contributors

7. Do They Fit the Stigma? Bi-Polar Depression Suicide Attempt
Clinical Depression
Bulimia

8. Canadians on Mental Illness
50 per cent of Canadians who would tell friends or co-workers that they have a family member with a mental illness
This is compared to 72 per cent and 68 per cent who would discuss diagnoses of cancer or diabetes, respectively
46 per cent of Canadians think the term "mental illness" is used as an excuse for poor behaviour and personal failings.
1 in 10 Canadians think that people with mental illness could "just snap out of it if they wanted."
1 in 4 Canadians is afraid of being around someone who suffers from serious mental illness.
1 in 9 Canadians think depression is not a mental illness, and one in two think it is not a serious condition.
-Survey from Stats Canada

9. The Danger of Stigma
People with mental illness and their friends and family often say that the stigma and discrimination they face is worse than the illness itself
Self-stigma occurs when people with mental illness and their families internalize society’s negative attitudes towards them, leading to self blame and low self esteem
Aside from being personally painful, stigma is dangerous. 
It prevents people from asking for help in the first place.
It leads to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness – when, in fact, people can and do recover from mental illness.

10. How Common is Mental Illness?
Statistics show that one in every five Canadians will have a mental health problem at some point in their lives
Mental illnesses account for a large percentage of hospital stays every year 
Almost all Canadians know someone with a mental illness

11. Mental Illness: A History

12. Stone Age
In pre-historic times, Mental illness was believed to have come from evil spirits
Different tribes had different methods of dealing with this issue, but it usually involved spells, or a treatment called Trepanation

13. Sample Trepanation

14. Trepanation
 Trepanation is the practice of drilling a hole through part of the skull without damaging the brain. It was believed to allow the spirits trapped inside the skull to release. Skulls with trepanning holes dating back more than 10,000 years have been found in Neolithic Europe and South America.
Surprisingly, the survival rate grew as high as 90%

15. Ancient Greece
Hippocrates was the first notable people to reject the idea that mental illness was not completely caused by evil spirits
He proposed that mental illnesses came from the environment, and he suggested that the treatment depended on what caused the problems
“Madness” was associated both with negative and positive aspects. It was believed that madness could lead to prophesy and inspiration

16. Rome
Rome followed the pattern of Greece, and improved on the Greek idea of environment as the main contributing force
Eventually, Rome began to publicly fund organizations to help the mentally sick
It was believed that a good diet of fruits and vegetables could cure those suffering from mental affliction

17. The Dark Ages

18. The Middle Ages
With the end of the Roman Empire, there was a return to superstition and fear
Patients who were mentally sick were believed to be possessed by witches
There was also the myth that madness stemmed from wolf spirits, creating a belief in lycanthropy or werewolves
Exorcisms were a popular method of curing mental illness

19. 16th Century
London, England opened the world’s 1st mental institution, Bethlem hospital (otherwise known as Bedlam)
The hospital was focused on keeping individuals restrained and away from society
Had very brutal methods of “treating’ individuals
Treatment was so barbaric that some in London would pay to watch the inmates

20. Bethlem Hospital
Mental hospitals made even healthy individuals insane

21. Age of Enlightenment-18th Century
In the 18th Century there was a new sense of duty to do something with those who were mentally handicapped
Asylums were built throughout the western world. Although these asylums were intended as refuge for the mentally ill, abuses were common
There was a great increase in the number of people diagnosed with mental illness
In 1870 London Ontario opened a provincial lunatic asylum (now LPH)

22. Early Twentieth Century
In the beginning of the 20th C Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts began to explore mentality
As a result, psychoanalysis sought to explain the source of mental illness
The First World War introduces the idea of shellshock
3/5 soldiers returned from the war with some kind of emotional disorder

23. Medical Practices in the mid-20th Century
In the mid 1950’s there was a new approach to mental health to do more than just house those suffering
New, more brutal treatments emerged
These treatments built off the research done on the brain
Electric Shock Therapy

24. "She was absolutely violently suicidal beforehand
"She was absolutely violently suicidal beforehand.  After the transorbital lobotomy there was nothing.  It stopped immediately.  It was just peace.  I don't know how to explain it to you; it was like turning a coin over.  That quick.  So whatever he [Dr. Freeman] did, he did something right."

25. Medication
In the 1960’s, the western world went through a process of deinstitutionalization
Medication became more readily available, and those suffering from less serious mental illness could be treated outside the asylum
Although it allowed most people to become productive members of society, many faced problems where they could not adequately take care of themselves
Canadians are the highest per-capita users of medication

26. Defining Mental Illness Today
Categories
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Personality Disorders
Schizophrenia
Eating Disorders
Substance Disorders

27. Defining Mental Illness
Mental illness is a label for behaviour that does not meet social expectations
What does this explanation of mental illness imply about our assessment of mental illness?