1. 3rd Annual Great Corporate Debate
Corporate Team
Training Session # 1
June 1 & 3, 2009
Stephen Buchanan
Education Consulting

2. Outline of Session # 1:
Intro of Trainer Stephen Buchanan and Teams/Participants
Great Corporate Debate Overview
Contest, Rules, Format, Judging criteria
AMCHAM CHILE Handbook
Last year’s debate process and results
PPT Presentation (and Handouts)
A. Public Speaking and Presentation Skills
Interactive Public Speaking – Impromptu topics
B. Fundamentals of Argument and Debate
1. Debate
Debate Elements
Persuasion
2. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Argument
Reasoning
Analysis
Group Exercises
3. Propositions of Policy
4. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Sources of Material
Types of Evidence
Recording Data
C. Basic Debate Elements and Format
Constructive and Rebuttal, Affirmative and Negative
Timeline of Presentations
Flowing
Homework and Preparation for next session (Handouts to review)

3. Introduction of GCD Process, Teams and Trainer

4. Intro of Trainer, Teams and Participants
Individual “Bio” Presentations to Group
Professional backgrounds
Special skill or achievement
Goals for GCD competition

5. Great Corporate Debate Review
Contest, Rules, Format, Judging Criteria
AMCHAM GCD Handbook
Process of training
Schedule of training Sessions

6. AMCHAM CHILE GCD Handbook
Contest
Rules
Format

7. 3 Training Sessions
First session – Public Speaking, Elements of debate
June 1 / June 3
Second Session – Process and Strategies
June 8 / June 10
3rd Session – Practice Debates
June 15 / June 17

8. Public Speaking and Presentation Skills

9. Public Speaking and Presentation Skills
Personality
Voice
Eye Contact and Facial Expression
Body Movement, Gestures and Posture
Preparation and Practice
Use of Notes and Flow Sheets
Politeness, Formality and Professionalism
5 C’s: Competitive, Confident, Courteous,
Credible and Commanding
Review Handouts

10. Interactive Exercises
Impromptu Topics

11. Fundamentals of Argument and Debate
Make a case and Prove your case ! !
Fundamentals of Argument and Debate
“power of logical thinking combined with clear expression”

12. What is debate?
Debate is the process of presenting arguments for or against a proposition
Propositions of fact, value and policy
We will argue propositions of policy in our debates
Policy propositions will propose a course of action for the future – a change from the status quo

13. Value of debate? Critical Thinking Research Skills
Organization and Arrangement
Oral Communication Skills
Listening Skills
Note Taking Skills (Flowing)
Ethics of Advocacy
Career Skills
Knowledge about the World
Leadership

14. Code of the Debater FOR MYSELF:
I will research my topic and know what I am talking about.
I will respect the subject matter of my debates.
I will choose persuasion over coercion and violence.
I will, in a debate, use the best arguments I can to support the side I am on.
FOR OTHERS:
I will respect their rights to freedom of speech and expression, even though we may disagree.
I will be honest about my arguments and evidence and those of others.

15. The Definition of Argument and Purpose of Debate is to Persuade
Persuasion
Logos, Ethos, Pathos

16. Persuasion Forms of Persuasion Dynamic Communication Skills
Logos, Ethos, Pathos
Dynamic Communication Skills
1st Impressions
Energy level
Positive Attitude

17. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions

18. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Definition
Facts/premise (+ assumption)  Conclusion
Reasoning
Reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions from facts or premises

19. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Argument Assumptions:
Comparison / Analogy
Cause and Effect
Representative Sampling (Survey)
Numbers and Logic
Implementation

20. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Causal (Cause / Effect) Reasoning
Analogous (Comparison) Reasoning
Evidence (Statistical, Witness, etc) Reasoning

21. Inductive Reasoning Based on probability.
Move from specific to general.
The sun has come up in the east as long as I can remember.
The sun will come up in the east tomorrow morning.
Depends on statistics, studies, surveys, etc.

22. Deductive Reasoning Conclusions are drawn from the premises.
Move from the general to the specific.
e.g. Syllogisms
Human beings will die. (major premise)
John Smith is a human being. (minor premise)
John Smith will die. (conclusion)
Depends on logic.

23. Other ways of influencing through reasoning
Causal reasoning = cause and effect
consider sole cause, contributing causes, counteracting causes
Reasoning by analogy = similar situations & examples
evaluate similarities vs. differences

24. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Analysis is the process of discovering and understanding all the parts or all the divisions of a subject and their interrelationships. In debate, analysis is the process of discovering the parts of a subject with the goal of studying it to discover the arguments available for influencing others.

25. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Stock Issues and Ways to Divide Subjects:
Chronological
Spatial
Topical
Psychological
Logical

26. Argument, Reasoning and Analysis in Debating Propositions
Analysis by definition:
Logical definition
By example
By comparison
By Contrast
By Synonym
By Etymology or Origin
By Negation
By Enumeration or Division
By Authority
By History

27. Group Exercises – Argument Analysis

28. Argument Analysis # 1
The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.
“The owners of the Cumquat Café evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Café will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Café’s move, three different businesses — a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet-grooming shop — have occupied its former spot.”
Discuss how well reasoned this argument is.
What is the premise? What is the conclusion? What assumptions are you asked to make? Why can’t you assume these things? What additional facts would allow us to reach this conclusion?

29. Argument Analysis # 2
The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods. “Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.” Discuss how well reasoned this argument is. What is the premise? What is the conclusion? What assumptions are you asked to make? Why can’t you assume these things? What additional facts would allow us to reach this conclusion?

30. Debating Propositions
We are arguing “Propositions of Policy”
-- Not “Fact” or “Value” propositions, but facts and values will be part of the policy/ies proposed to be changed or improved.
How to analyze and address a proposition:
Is there a problem and how serious is it?
What are the various solutions, with the advantages and disadvantages of each?
What is the best solution?

31. Debating Propositions
The affirmative team in a policy proposition debate is saying that the current system/policy (or whatever the issue) has problems and needs to be changed; therefore, their proposition is a plan to create a better system/policy (or whatever) different from the status quo.
For example:   Should the Roman Catholic Church change its current position of forbidding the use of contraception?   Should the government use tax or policy to encourage the use of cars which are not fueled by “petroleum”?   Should Chile's current toll roads be opened to all the public at no charge? 
The affirmative in the policy proposition debate would say "yes" to these issues and propose a plan of change.   The Roman Catholic Church should change its current position of forbidding the use of contraception.   The government should use tax or policy to encourage the use of cars which are not fueled by petrol.   Chile's current toll roads should be opened to all the public at no charge.

32. Debating Propositions Main Issues in Propositions of Policy:
Are evils caused by the present system?
Are these evils great enough to demand a change?
Are the evils inherent and impossible to repair in the present system?
Will the proposed solution remove the evils?
Is the proposed solution free from objections?
Is the proposed solution the best?

33. Debating Propositions
Steps in Preliminary Analysis of a Proposition:
Determine the cause for discussion of the topic
Define clearly the terms to be used
Develop a brief history of the proposition or subject
Outline the factors of universal agreement covered by the proposition. What are the common areas of agreement we can assume?
Make a statement of the main issues involved in the propositions

34. Debating Propositions
GOAL: Understanding the
elements of a proposition
allow the debater to better
attack, argue, support
or defend it.

35. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence

36. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Sources of Material
Yourself
Opinions and Knowledge of Others
Discussion
Personal Interviews
Letters and
Observation
Experiments and Research
Libraries
Internet Research

37. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Types of Evidence
Factual
Statistical
Opinions of Authorities
Testimony of Witnesses
Documents, legal papers

38. Research, Preparation and Development of Evidence
Recording Data
Computer (not permitted in the actual debate)
Paper
Index cards

39. Exercises Topics to: Persuade Argue Attack Defend
and
Defend
See handout of Persuasion topics

40. Debate Elements and Format

41. Debate Process and Format
Format – Constructive and Rebuttal (Affirmative and Negative)
Affirmative: for the motion, problem in the status quo, solution or proposal to solve that problem: burden of proof, prove the case.
Negative: against the motion, just denies, say no (and why), rebuttals. Could present a case/counterplan.
Team Order of Presentations
Responsibilities of Presenters
Flowing or Flow Sheeting

42. TIMELINE FOR A POLICY DEBATE
CONSTRUCTIVE
First Affirmative Constructive 1AC – 3 min
First Negative Constructive 1NC – 3 min
Second Affirmative Constructive 2AC – 4 min
Second Negative Constructive 2NC – 4 min
REBUTTAL
First Negative Rebuttal 1NR – 5 min
First Affirmative Rebuttal 1AR – 5 min
Second Negative Rebuttal 2NR – 2 min
Second Affirmative Rebuttal 2AR – 2 min

43. Debate Format 1st part: constructive speeches
Debate Process and Format
Debate Format
1st part: constructive speeches
1st Affirmative
3 minutes
Introduction
1st Negative
2nd Affirmative
4 minutes
Constructive
2nd Negative
Case: thesis, definition of terms, arguments
Framework
Decision criterions
Clash
Topicality
Rebuttal 1A
(Counterplan)
Close case
Prepare opposition block
Rebuttal 1N
Rebuttal 1A and 2A
Defensive arguments
(Close case)
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
Logos

44. Debate Format 2nd part: rebuttal speeches
Debate Process and Format
Debate Format
2nd part: rebuttal speeches
3rd Negative
5 minutes
Rebuttal
3rd Affirmative
4th Negative
2 minutes
Conclusion
4th Affirmative
No new arguments
Defensive arguments
Refute all
Summary
Synthesis
Logos
Logos, Pathos

45. Debate Process and Format Flowing / Flow Sheeting
Taking notes properly ("flow sheeting“ or "flowing“ is the debate term) is an essential entry level skill In order to answer arguments by your opponents, you must be able to write them down so that you can remember them and respond to them in order. Likewise, your flow sheet becomes the text which you use when you speak. . . it becomes the notes which you speak from More than any other skill besides speaking itself, flow sheeting is important to your debate experience....and important to winning.
See Handouts

46. Review the handout materials before next session
Homework
Debate Process
and Strategies
Review the handout materials before next session