1. The Protestant Reformation

2. What was the Reformation?
Key words: Christian / protest / reform
The reformation was a split in the Christian church. It happened because people were unhappy about the church; they protested and wanted to reform Christianity
They are called Protestants because they protested and started a new religion
It is called the Reformation because they set out to reform the church.
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3. WHY WERE PEOPLE UNHAPPY?
People grew displeased with the ROMAN CATHOLIC Church
BASIC REASONS
A. Financial Corruption OF CHURCH
B. Abuse of Power OF CLERGY
C. Immorality OF CLERGY
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4. What happens to spark the Reformation?
Pope Leo X needs money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences!
Indulgences- were pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory = (People could buy forgiveness)
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5. Immediately after Death: Particular Judgment/PURGATORY/SLIDE 4
Catholic Christians and many other Christians believe that
immediately after death the souls of men and women go
either to heaven (or prior to that, purgatory), or to hell
definitively. Purgatory is the “final purification of the elect” where
“[a]ll who die in God's grace and friendship, but [are] still imperfectly
purified… undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven.
Michelangelo's
Last Judgment
Sistine Chapel
Vatican City

6. REMEMBER THE REBIRTH The Renaissance
People were thinking for themselves and questioning things. They were not afraid to criticize the church
The Patrons of the arts, the Popes were spending huge money on art. This was being paid for by tithes from the poor which made people angry
HELLO GUS  WAKE UP!

7. Important Developments that aid the process to Reformation!
The Printing Press!!!!
Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books)
People have access to books whenever they want them.
How does this relate to the Reformation? Explain your answer?
Like the Kindle or Nook to early modern Europeans.
A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying.
Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday
Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

8. Abuses Abuses in the church (faults / wrong-doing)
Ignorant priests who didn’t even understand the mass
Wealthy bishops who had more interest in money than religion
Immoral popes like Alexander VI who had mistresses and 7 children and Sixtus who planned to assassinate Lorenzo de Medici
Also, simony, nepotism, pluralism and absenteesim

9. Define the Church Abuses
Simony
To bribe people to elect you to high position in the church
Nepotism
To give important jobs in the church to your relatives
Pluralism
To have charge of more than one dioceses or parish
Absenteeism
To neglect your parish or dioceses because you don’t live there
Be Active
Test yourself

10. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

11. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

12. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

13. “The righteous shall by his faith.”
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

14. Martin Luther: 1. Background
Martin Luther is our ‘Person in History’
Born in Saxony
He was studying to be a lawyer
He got caught in a thunderstorm and promised God he’s become a priest, if he survived
He became a hardworking Augustinian Monk
He was not a happy monk, because
He believed in ‘salvation by faith alone’ and the church did not
He visited Rome and was shocked by the sinful lives of the cardinals and the Pope

15. What happened? 2. Wittenberg
Luther was working as a professor at the University of Wittenberg
Pope Leo X sent John Tetzel to Wittenberg to sell indulgences to pay for the building of St Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Luther was furious. It sounded like the Pope was selling places in Heaven.
Luther nailed his 95 theses (arguments) to the church door at Wittenberg
His friends printed his ideas and they spread throughout Germany.
Luther became a best seller. His book was called Confessions of Augsburg

16. 3. The Pope & Luther
The Pope issued a papal bull (a papal bull is an official document from the pope)
He warned Luther to give up his ideas
Luther burned the bull in public
The Pope responded by excommunicating Luther and declaring him a heretic

17. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

18. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

19. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

20. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

21. Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

22. Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

23. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

24. Luther's Dying Words
“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther

25. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

26. The Differences: Beliefs
Lutheran
Only faith in Jesus saves your soul (Justification by faith alone)
Religious truth is in the Bible
2 sacraments exist: baptism and communion
The local prince rules the church
Priests can marry
The communion is the body and blood of Christ and the bread and wine
Catholic
Faith in God and good works saves your soul
Religious truth is in
the Bible and church teaching
7 sacraments exist
The head of the church is the Pope in Rome
Priests must not marry
The communion is the body and blood of Christ

27. The Differences: Churches
Protestant
Protestant churches were plain and simple
No statues or art
Priests wore plain garments
The service was in the vernacular language, not Latin
Catholic
Catholic Churches were richly decorated
Lots of statues and art work
Priests wore rich garments
They said mass in Latin

28. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

29. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

30. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

31. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

32. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

33. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

34. Effects of the Reformation
Religious – 1) Churches flourished; 2) new denominations developed; 3) the RCC became more unified (Council of Trent); 4) Emphasis on education
Society – Status of women remained unchanged
Political – 1) Power of monarchs/states increased; 2) Rise of modern-nation states; 3) lays groundwork for the Enlightenment

35. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church

36. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

37. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions