1. Concept Map Example

2. PROPERTIES OF MATTER? WHAT IS MATTER? A PHYSICAL PROPERTY
ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS MASS & VOLUME

3. WHAT IS VOLUME?
NOT SOUND LEVEL!
THE AMOUNT OF SPACE MATTER TAKES UP

4. WHAT IS DENSITY? IS MASS/VOLUME=gm/ml MASS PER UNIT OF VOLUME
WHICH CUBE HAS MORE DENSITY?

5. WHAT IS DENSITY? WHICH WEIGHS MORE? A POUND OF FEATHERS
A POUND OF LEAD?
Density is –how close molecules are to one another in an element

6. B. MATTER CAN EXIST IN THREE PHASES
CAN YOU GUESS WHAT THEY ARE?

7. THINK OF H2O SOLID –ICE LIQUID –WATER GAS –FOG, MIST, CLOUDS, STEAM
When is water most dense?
4°C liquid state

8. Chemical Properties of Matter
Ability to rust
Reacts with acids
Flammable
soluble

9. Physical Properties of Matter
Color
Shiny
Boiling point
Melting point
density

10. C. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF MATTER
Matter Changes to new a SUBSTANCE
Permanently altered
Often requires energy
Very difficult to reverse the process
Burning a lump of coal-gas is released, ash is left
Break bond of H2O, separate into H & O
More Examples:
Rusting Decomposition
Leaves changing color Temperature change
Fizzing /Bubbles

11. If two substances are made of the same material…
they will exhibit the same
Physical and Chemical properties

12. D. Physical Changes of Matter
Matter does not change into a new substance
Can be measured, does not change identity of matter
Examples:
Change in size/shape, cutting, folding
Color
Change in volume, mass, space

13. II. COMPOSITION OF MATTER
WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
Made out of one type of atom only & can NOT BE FURTHER BROKEN DOWN
Building blocks of compounds
THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT IS?????

14. II. AN ATOM !

15. 1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ELECTRONS ORBIT ON RINGS CALLED, ENERGY LEVELS, ORBITALS, OR SHELLS
THE VALENCE SHELL IS THE LAST RING, MOST OUTER RING
THE VALENCE SHELL DETERMINES THE CHARGE THE ATOM WILL HAVE +/-

16. 32 18
8 max #
2 max #

17. 2. ATOMIC NUMBER
TELLS US ABOUT 2 SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES.
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS & THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
THEY USUALLY = IN # 7
IF WE COUNT THE ELECTRONS WE FIND THERE ARE 7! SO THEREFORE, THERE ARE 7 PROTONS.

18. 2. ATOMIC MASS
TELLS US ABOUT THE OTHER SUBATOMIC PARTICLE, NEUTRONS.
Mass # is a total of protons/neutrons
WE KNOW THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IS 7. SO ALL WE DO IS SUBTRACT 7 FROM 14 =7 (NEUTRONS). 7.
-7(atomic #)
= 7 neutrons

19. PERIODIC TABLE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM
GROUPS # e in valence ring 8
Periods # shells/rings
GROUP 2

20. How to Calculate the # of rings on an atom & the # of electrons in the last ring
PERIODS MEANS THE NUMBER OF SHELLS/RINGS AROUND THE NUCLEUS
GROUPS MEANS THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE LAST RING/SHELL
SO CARBON IS IN PERIOD 2 SO IT HAS ONLY ___ RINGS /SHELLS
CARBON IS IN GROUP 4 SO IT HAS ONLY 4 ELECTRONS IN ITS LAST RING/SHELL

21. ELEMENT
Matter made out of one type of atom.
Carbon
Lead
Oxygen

22. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Isotopes
1. # OF PROTONS IS THE SAME BUT, THE # OF NEUTRONS DIFFERS
ATOMIC MASS # IF NOT A WHOLE # MEANS IT EXISTS AS ISOTOPES.
EXAMPLE: C12, C13, C14 All have 6 protons, but the neutron number is different.
Mass # IS AN AVERAGE OF ALL THE ISOTOPES THE ELEMENT CAN BE
13.001
14.012

23. B. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Radioactive
2. RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES –UNSTABLE NUCLEI. SUBPARTICLES BREAK AWAY AND THE ENERGY THEY RELEASE IS RADIOACTIVE
ALL ELEMENTS W/ATOMIC # >83 ARE RADIOACTIVE
TRACERS-USED IN HEALTHCARE to image body tissues

24. B. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Compounds
3. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS -TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS BONDED TOGETHER
SYMBOLIZED BY A FORMULA
H2+O=H2O

25. B. Compounds can Change when they Bond
WHEN COMPOUNDS FORM THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE Na, SODIUM IS A SILVER METAL, Cl, CHLORINE IS A YELLOW, GAS

26. III. INTERACTIONS OF MATTER
A. IONIC BONDS -IONS OF OPPOSITE CHARGE ATTRACT ONE ANOTHER Cl Na

27. A. IONIC BONDS

28. A. IONIC BONDS
IONS ARE CHARGED Atoms.
THEY CAN CONDUCT ELECTRICITY!

29. III. INTERACTIONS OF MATTER
B. COVALENT BONDS –CO=SHARE, SO THE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED IN THE LAST RING BY TWO ATOMS
THE NUMBER OF e- IN THE OUTER RING MEANS THIS IS HOW MANY COVALENT BONDS IT CAN FORM

30. B. COVALENT BOND OF H2O
HYDROGEN SHARES ITS 2 E- W/OXYGEN

31. IV. Chemical Reactions due to Bonding
WHEN 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES ARE CHANGED INTO A NEW SUBSTANCE BY BREAKING OR FORMING BONDS
HCl+NaOH>>>>>>NaCl + H2O
Reactants Products
The equation has to balance. THE TOTAL # OF ATOMS IN REACTANTS/PRODUCTS STAYS THE SAME

32. ENERGY IN REACTIONS
ENDOTHERMIC –ABSORBS ENERGY, THINK OF A REFRIDGERATOR Temperature goes down
EXOTHERMIC –RELEASES ENERGY, THINK OF AN OVEN
Raises Temp.

33.
INTERACTIVE WEB-SITE ON ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, ETC.