1. Classification of Matter

2. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up volume
We call that DENSITY
Density = mass/volume

3. How can matter be classified?
Matter can be divided into two categories
Pure Substances – cannot be physically separated
Mixtures – can be physically separated

4. Pure Substances can be divided into two categories
Elements – cannot be chemically separated (made up of one kind of atom)
Compounds – can be chemically separated (made up of two or more elements)

5. Examples Elements – C, H, O, N, P, S
Compounds – NaCl, H2O, CO2, C6H1206

6. Compounds form to allow elements to become more stable
Example: Na is flammable around H2O, and Cl is a toxic gas. When they form a compound together, it is neither flammable nor toxic
Compounds form depending on the number valence electrons of 2 or more elements – need 8 valence electrons to be stable
Example: Na has 1 valence electron and Cl has 7 valence electrons. They form a compound together called salt.

7. Mixtures can be divided into two categories
Homogeneous Mixtures – all the parts are evenly distributed (not visible) Consists of ONE phase!
Heterogeneous Mixtures – all the parts are unevenly distributed (visible) Consists of more than 1 phase!

8. Examples Homogeneous Mixtures – tea, water, coke
Heterogeneous Mixtures – pizza, trail mix

9. Homogeneous Mixtures are commonly known as solutions
Parts of a Solution
Solution = Solute + Solvent
Solute - “stuff” being dissolved
Solvent - “stuff” doing the dissolving
Example: Salt water
Salt = solute Water = solvent

10. Types of Solution
Hypotonic – concentration of solvent is greater than concentration of solute
Hypertonic – [ ] of solute is greater than [ ] of solvent
Isotonic – [ ] of both solvent and solute is equal

11. Methods in Separating Mixtures
Filtration – separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
Evaporation – separates a soluble solid from a liquid
Magnetism – separates solid substances, one of which is magnetic
Floating – separates substances based on their density – more dense on the bottom, less dense on the top
By Hand – separates substance by hand picking them out

12. Filtration

13. Evaporation

14. Magnet

15. Floating

16. By Hand

18. Pure Substance or Mixture?
Helium
Kool-Aid
Milk
Salt
Copper
Ketchup
Pure Substance (Element)
Mixture
Mixture
Pure Substance (Compound)
Pure Substance (Element)
Mixture

19. B C A E D
A, B
C, E D