1. Properties of Matter & States of Matter!
Part 1
Classifying Matter
Properties of Matter & States of Matter!

2. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
The Nature of Matter
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
The word matter comes from the Latin word materia, meaning “material” or “stuff”
First we need to ask . . .
What is matter?
Examples of Matter:
You can observe matter easily with your senses rocks, trees, bicycles, air Basically everything and anything!
The only thing that wouldn’t be matter would be energy (sunlight, heat, electricity). - no mass or volume so they can’t be matter!

3. Elements, Molecules, and Compounds
Elements and compounds make up all the different kinds of matter in the universe.
Elements are the simplest form of matter
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Each element is made of atoms of the same type.
Each has a unique set of physical and chemical properties.
117 known elements in the universe.
Approximately 92 are found naturally on Earth.
Six elements make up 99% of all living matter!
Sulfur
Potassium
Oxygen
Examples of Elements:
gold
silver
oxygen
hydrogen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
aluminum
nitrogen
tin
calcium

4. Soft metal explodes in H20 Poisonous greenish gas
Compounds, Molecules, and Elements
Compounds are two or more elements combined chemically together.
Properties are different from the properties of the elements that make them up.
Elements in a compound have a fixed ratio.
Example:
Most matter in the universe is in the form of compounds! H
(hydrogen)
Explosive gas Na
(Sodium)
Soft metal explodes in H20 + Cl
(chlorine)
Poisonous greenish gas O2
(oxygen)
Explosive gas = =
Salt
Water +

5. Molecules, Elements, and Compounds
When two or more atoms combine, they form a molecule.
Most molecules are made of two or more atoms
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance with the same properties of the substance.
NOTE: Compounds are different than molecules because compound is used to describe the substance in general, while molecule describes the smallest particle of the substance.

6. Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances NOT combined chemically.
May be a mixture of both elements and compounds
Substances keep their unique properties and can be separated by physical means.

7. Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions
There are two types of mixtures . . .
Heterogeneous – the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
Homogeneous – the parts (substances) are evenly distributed. It is difficult to tell one substance from another.

8. Solutions, and Suspensions and Colloids
A solution is a mixture that looks like a single substance and has the same properties throughout.
Solute ~ The substance that dissolves in a solution.
Solvent ~ The substance into which the solute dissolves.

9. Solutions, and Suspensions and Colloids
A colloid is a mixture that contains both small particles in solution and larger particles in suspension.
Colloids do not separate into layers.
Colloids, like suspensions scatter light.
Milk is an example of a colloid.
In a suspension components are dispersed, but large enough to see and settle out.

10. Review What’s an atom, an element, a compound and a mixture?
What are the two types of mixtures?
What’s a suspension?
What’s a solution?
What’s a colloid?
If you have completed Part 1 of Lecture 3, continue on to Part 2.

11. What do you know about matter?
There are 4 states of matter, 3 which we will be studying!
Gases
Plasma
Solids
Liquids

12. Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
Solids have mass.
Solids take up space.
Read more!

13. Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together
Have very little energy
Vibrate in place

14. Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
Liquids have mass.
Liquids take up space.
Read more!

15. Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels
Particles flow around each other

16. Gases
Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume.
Gases have mass.
Gases take up space.
Read more!

17. Particles in Gases:
Move freely
Have LOTS of energy

18. Plasma (this is just FYI, I will not test you on it)
Lightning is a plasma.
Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
Read more!

19. What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

20. Energy determines the state!

21. Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

22. Properties of Matter
All matter has properties or characteristics that describe it.
The state of matter of an object is an example of a physical property because it can be observed without changing the object.
Other physical properties include: density; thermal or electrical conductivity; solubility; magnetic properties; melting and boiling points.

23. Review Questions What’s matter? What’s matter made up of?
Which are the 3 states of matter we will be studying?
What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape?
Describe the properties of liquids.
Describe the differences between gases and plasma.
What is needed for states of matter to change phase?
The state of matter of an object is an example of which type of property?
What are some examples of physical properties?