1. EVs, Charging Infrastructure, Open Access and More!
Katherine Stainken, Policy Director
Tuesday, Nov. 15th 1:30pm – 2:30pm

2. Lots to Cover… Plug In America Core Areas Benefits of EVs
Current Status
EV Policies
Charging Infrastructure Principles
Role of the Utility Commissioner
Workplace Charging
Open Access Issues
EVs for Everyone: Equity
Standards

3. Who We Are Education and Outreach Policy Customer Experience (Dealers)
Research
The consumer voice of current EV drivers and potential EV drivers.

4. Ride and Drive Events
One form of education and outreach
Best way to get more people to drive electric
Also called “Butts in Seats” events
Sponsor works with PIA to host an event, PIA works with dealers to loan cars for the event; events usually a fun experience
Comfortable peer-to-peer conversations between non-EV drivers and EV drivers
Non-EV drivers learn in a non-sales setting about:
The ease of charging
The easy maintenance
Safety
Cost
Performance of the vehicles
National Drive Electric Week coordinated by Plug In America, Sierra Club, Electric Auto Association

5. EV Benefits For the Driver… EVs are fun to drive.
EVs are convenient – no trip to the gas station needed. Fill up overnight!
EVs are cheaper to maintain. 
EVs are cheaper to fuel than gas vehicles.

6. EV Benefits
Gas vs electricity prices (WA state)

7. EV Benefits

8. EV Benefits
For the Policymaker… For Utilities and Grid Operators… See the Plug In America Factsheet on PEV Benefits!

9. Life-cycle Emissions: ICE vs. BEV
Source: UCS “Cleaner Cars from Cradle to Grave”, Nov. 2015

10. Current Status: Vehicles
Sales at near zero in 2010, now at 530,000 cars sold
Model availability on the rise

11. Current Status: Sales
Source: Alliance for Automobile Manufacturers, Center for Sustainable Energy

12. Current Status: Sales
Source: PEVC, Hybridcars.com

13. Current Status: Sales
Plug-in Hybrids sold in the U.S. (October 2016): 5,943
Plug-in Hybrid Take-Rate: 0.44%
GM Volt, Ford Fusion Energie
Battery Electrics sold in the U.S. (October 2016): 5,408
Battery Electric Take-Rate: 0.40%
Tesla Model S, Nissan Leaf
Source: hybridcars.com

14. Current EV Model Availability
Source: UCS “Electrifying the Vehicle Market”, Aug. 2016

15. Current Status: Targets
National goal of 1 M EVs by 2020
State targets
ZEV Mandate: credit program, likely to achieve 15% of new vehicle sales as ZEVs by 2025
CA, NY, NJ, CT, OR, VT, ME, MD, RI, MA
CA Governor Goal: 1.5 Million EVs on the road by 2025
August 2016 MIT Study: 87% of U.S. vehicles could be replaced with EVs now
Would lead to 60% reduction in total U.S. gasoline consumption, 30% reduction in transportation emissions emitted in 2014
The West Coast Electric Highway is complete – with charging stations along Highway 5 from San Diego through Washington State
Proposed DC Fast Charging Corridors across the country in cooperation with DOE

16. Current Status: Driver Policies
Need different policies depending on the driver:
Current EV Drivers
More abundant EV charging
Test drive events
Better financial incentives
Better media coverage
Electric car rentals
Electric-only dealerships
EV access to HOV lanes, bus lanes, and toll roads (for free)
Electric carsharing
Potential EV Drivers
Better financial incentives
More abundant charging
Test drive events
Better media coverage
Electric car rentals
EV access to HOV lanes, bus lanes, and toll roads (for free)
Electric carsharing
Electric buses
Electric-only dealerships

17. EV Policy – Ideal Package
Yes / No
Purchase Incentive 
HOV or Tolls Incentive x
Licensing Incentive
Parking Incentive X
Charging Infrastructure Incentive
Government Leading by Example
Charging Rates
Vehicle Miles Travelled Discussion
Other

18. Current Status: EV Policy
Most current set of incentives on our website!

19. Charging InfrastructureL1 L2
DCFC

20. Charging Infrastructure
L1 – SAE J1772 Connector
Also called trickle charging
L1 ~ 1.65kW [(15 Amp X 110 Volts/1000]

21. Charging Infrastructure
L2 – SAE J1772 Connector
Uses vehicle built in charger
80 Volts (19.2kW) is the maximum for L2, but many EVSE only use Amps (7.2kW)

22. Charging Infrastructure
DCFC – bypasses the vehicle charger and gives energy directly into the battery
DCFC Typical: 50 kW
Max: 240 kW
Tesla Supercharger: 120 kW
Three competing standards:
Japanese (CHAdeMO)
European / American (SAE Combo)
Tesla (Supercharger)

23. Charging Infrastructure Principles
Charging infrastructure should be installed in the following order to save costs: L1 at homes and workplaces, DCFC, L2 at workplaces, L2 at home, and finally L2 in other public places.
Consumers and workplaces need support for DCFC.
Utilities should be allowed to deploy charging infrastructure.

24. Charging Infrastructure Principles
4. Charging rates should be kept low for ratepayers. 5. Demand response programs should include PEVs, as a precursor to V2G. 6. Building Codes should include requirements that all new buildings and associated parking lots are “made ready” up to the conduit. 7. Consumer protection principles should be adhered to.

25. Consumer Protection Principles
Open Access – can I get a charge? One EV club!
This is defined as the ability to get a charge at any public charger - including L1, L2 and DCFC - either via a credit card swipe or mobile app to enable the charge.
Transparency – what’s the price?
The price of a charge should be clear when the PEV driver connects to the charger.
Interoperability – “cell phone roaming”!
This is a key principle for the entire charging infrastructure ecosystem. Currently, many companies have their own card or key, which means drivers must either join multiple “clubs” or risk being unable to charge.
NEMA EVSE EV Charging Network Interoperability Standard Part 2: A Contactless RFID Credential for Authentication (UR Interface)
Mapping data – where is the charger?!
All electric vehicle service providers (EVSPs) should provide mapping data for charging locations, including costs for charging (both in and out of network).
Signage – again, where is the charger?!
Stations are still challenging to locate as the physical hardware is not that large.

26. Role of the Utility Commissioner
Should encourage utilities to deploy a range of programs that can aid in the adoption of these clean vehicles:
Raise awareness for PEVs by mention in newsletters, social media, bill inserts, etc.
Host events that offer test drives or rides in PEVs
Install charging stations, specifically focused on multiunit dwellings, workplaces and PEV corridor designated locations
Offer a financial incentive, such as a discounted group buy, or by offering a rebate for the purchase and installation of a home charger
Keep charging rates low for PEV drivers

27. Workplace Charging Facts
Employers with charging stations have employees who are 20 times more likely to buy an electric car
Compared to other employee benefits, EV charging infrastructure is a bargain!
$8.25/day for health insurance
$4.16/day for gym membership
$3.40/day company cell phone
$2.50/cup coffee
<$2.00/day Level 2 charging
<$0.80/day Level 1 charging

28. EVs for EVeryone: Equity
How can we increase adoption in low income communities?
Put money back in consumer pockets
Sales tax exemption, rebates
Make the upfront investment affordable
Offer a financing package: OEM credit enhancement through lease/loss reserves
Make their lives easier
HOV lane access – longer commutes
Provide security to make the investment
Battery replacement funding programs
Strategically place charging infrastructure
Multi-unit dwellings
Make the EV lifestyle easy to understand
EV experience centers in low income areas

29. Standards NIST Handbook 130:
Deals with electricity sold as a vehicle fuel, labeling on the charging infrastructure
In CA, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking out in May 2016:
“Fuels, Lubricants and Automotive Products; Method of Sale, Advertising and Labeling”
NIST Handbook 44: “Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices”
In CA, working to amend, proposed rulemaking out October 2016
Establishes specifications and accuracy tolerances for commercial EVSE: Accuracy, Repeatability, Suitability, Indications, Representations, Facilitation of Fraud
HB 44 all about informing the consumer: testing, enforcement; requires a digital display in real time, receipts, operating temperature, accuracy, etc.
The state and counties would enforce.

30. Thank you! Questions? Katherine Stainken, Policy Director kstainken@pluginamerica.org