1. Nonrenewable Energy
Chapter 17

2. 17-1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
List five factors that influence the value of a fuel.
Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an electric power plant.
Identify patterns of energy consumption and production in the world and in the United States.
Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are used.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil-fuel use.
List three factors that influence predictions of fossil-fuel production.

3. 17-1 Vocabulary
A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas.
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Petroleum is a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds that is used widely as a fuel source.
Oil reserves are oil deposits that are discovered and are in commercial production.

4. Fuel! What is it good for? We use fuels to
Run cars
Run ships
Run planes
Run factories
Most of these are naturally occurring
Natural resources

5. Fuel! What is it good for? Fossil fuels are these natural resources
Essential for our everyday life
But two major problems with them
Limited supply
With uneven distribution
Environmental problems

6. Fuels for Different Uses
List all of the uses you can for fossil fuels INDIVIDUALLY!
Then I’ll stamp
Then, with a group, try to break them into five categories
And I’ll stamp again

7. Fuels for Different Uses
There are five main uses for fossil fuels
Cooking
Transportation
Manufacturing (making things)
Heating and cooling
Produce electricity to run stuff

8. Fuels for Different Uses
Certain fuels are used with certain tasks
We want to look at a fuel’s
Energy output
Content
Cost
Availability
Safety

9. Fuels for different uses
Plane fuel
Why not use coal? _________________
Campfire
Why not use airplane fuel?
_________________

10. Electricity—Power on Demand
Chemical energy stored in fuel can be converted into electrical energy
Electrical energy is convenient
Quick and easy to transport
Can be used over short or long distances

11. Electricity—Power on Demand
Negatives of electrical energy
Difficult to store
Have to use another energy source to generate it

12. Electricity—Power on Demand

13. Electricity—Power on Demand
Generators produce electrical energy by moving an electrically conductive material within a magnetic field
Let’s see it in action!

14. Electricity—Power on Demand
Quick Demonstration
Do the demo to the right and answer the questions on your packet
Then I’ll stamp

15. Electricity—Power on Demand
Turbines are commonly used in generators
They turn to get energy
Usually water is boiled to make steam
The steam turns the turbine
The water can be heated with all sorts of things
Such as coal, gas, or nuclear energy

16. Energy Use Every item requires energy to produce
Most items have that cost built into the price

17. Energy Use World Energy use patterns
Developed countries use more energy than developing nations
Developing nations are rapidly increasing their energy usage

19. Energy Use Varies within developed nations
Japan and Sweden have more income than the US, but they use less energy
WHY? _______________________________

20. Energy Use in the US We are number three in energy usage in the world
Canada
United Arab Emirates

22. Energy Use in the US
A huge amount of our energy goes into transportation (27%)
We often use inefficient trucks to move goods
Most people do not use public transportation
Low gas taxes / prices
No incentive to switch

23. Gas Averages

24. Nonrenewable Resources
3 Main categories
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas

25. Nonrenewable Resources
You will fill out the chart in your notes, including
Formation (3-5 steps)
Uses (at least 2)
Environmental Effects /Disadvantages (2-3)
Advantages (2)
Then I’ll stamp

26. Other Thoughts
There is an uneven distribution of these resources in the US

27. Other Thoughts
There is an uneven distribution of these resources worldwide

28. Other Thoughts Most of our energy in the US comes from coal
Worldwide it’s petroleum (oil)

29. These plastic buttons are made from milk!
Petroleum
Makes plastic
Not the only way!
Let’s make our own!
These plastic buttons are made from milk!

30. Future energy? We will read the case study together (p 472).
Then you will answer questions on it.
Then I’ll stamp

31. Fracking in PA
Fracking is a way to remove natural gas from the Earth

32. Bradford County us

33. Bradford County Gas Wells

34. Fossil Fuels and the Future
Today—90% of our energy comes from fossil fuels
2050—the demand will double!
More people
More nations becoming developed

35. Predicted oil Production
Production is peaked (2010)
With better technology, may be able to extract oil better
Current technology is limited
Are there future deposits not discovered?

37. 17-1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
List five factors that influence the value of a fuel.
Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an electric power plant.
Identify patterns of energy consumption and production in the world and in the United States.
Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are used.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil-fuel use.
List three factors that influence predictions of fossil-fuel production.

39. 17-2 Nuclear Energy Describe nuclear fission.
Describe how a nuclear power plant works.
List three advantages and three disadvantages of nuclear energy.

40. 17-2 Vocabulary
Nuclear energy
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion

41. The Nuclear Era 1950s and 1960s 1970s and 1980s
Nuclear energy was thought to be the energy of the future
Clean
Plentiful
1970s and 1980s
120 planned nuclear power plants were cancelled
Why?

42. Fission: Splitting Atoms
Nuclear energy is the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction. It represents the binding energy of the atomic nucleus.
Atoms forces within an atoms are a million times stronger than the bonds that hold atoms together
Uranium is the main element we use

43. Fission: Splitting Atoms
Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more fragments.
Uranium is attacked with neutrons
Causes the uranium to split
Gives off energy and more neutrons
Can quickly get out of hand (chain reaction)

45. Fission: Splitting Atoms
Why don’t our nuclear power plants get out of hand?
WE make sure they are highly controlled
90+% Uranium in weapons
3.5% Uranium in power plants

47. How It Works Reactor is well surrounded in case of an accident
Cooling Fluid
Concrete Walls
Pressurized

48. How Nuclear Energy Works
A reactor has metal rods
Uranium
Non-uranium
The non-radioactive rods absorb the extra energy

49. How Nuclear Energy Works
Heat released from the reaction boils water
Steam turns a turbine
Electricity is generated

50. Nuclear Positives
Concentrated
No greenhouse gases
Less radioactivity?

51. Why don’t we use it?
75% of France’s electricity comes from nuclear power
They only put out 1/5 the emissions we do

52. Why don’t we use it? It’s expensive Costs 3-5 times other fuel sources
How do we store it?
Plutonium (made from Uranium splitting)
Radioactive for 240,000 years!
Need a stable site
Yucca Mountain
Transmutation

53. Why don’t we use it? Safety concerns Chernobyl (1986)
Engineers turned off most of safety controls for unauthorized test
3 Mile Island (PA) (1979)
Human error
Blocked valves
Broken pumps

55. Chernobyl
Why don’t we use it

56. Why don’t we use it
3 Mile Island

57. INDEPENDENTLY, write a 5-10 sentence summary on a separate page on whether or not you think the US should
Stop using nuclear power completely
Keep using the power we have but not build any more (status quo)
Build additional nuclear power plants and use this source more in the future
What do you think?

58. Future of Nuclear Nuclear Fusion Combines two atom together
Creates a lot of energy
What powers the sun
Less dangerous to do

60. Future of Nuclear
Nuclear Fusion is the combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form a larger nucleus. Fusion releases tremendous amounts of energy.
Hard to do
Need temps above 1,000,000!
Need high concentrations of atoms
Need a confined area
Never achieved
We’re working on it
Hadron Collider

61. 17-2 Nuclear Energy Describe nuclear fission.
Describe how a nuclear power plant works.
List three advantages and three disadvantages of nuclear energy.

62. Your Exam You are to conduct research on nuclear energy
You are to create a 3 page, double spaced paper, 12 point font Times New Roman
This is an individual assignment and counts as your test for Chapter 17
It is due Tuesday, May 28th
Paper receives a 10% reduction in points for each day late

63. Your Exam: Topics* What is the fate of nuclear energy?
What things should be considered when deciding to use nuclear energy?
Compare the value of nuclear energy to other forms of renewable energy sources
Compare the value of nuclear energy to other forms of nonrenewable energy sources
Why is the U.S. “deinvesting” in nuclear energy?
Trace the history of nuclear energy use globally.
*other topics will be considered as up to the discretion of your instructor