1. Unit 10: The French Revolution
& Napoleon
Phase 1:

2. Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
The French Monarchy:
Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

3. Let Them Eat Cake!
“Madame Deficit”
“The Austrian Whore”

4. Causes for French Revolution
1. Financial Problems
Exemption from the Taille (tax)
2. Economic depression and class disparity
Relics of Feudalism
3. Enlightenment Ideas
Equal rights for all men

5. The French Urban Poor

6. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 1
May, 1789
K. Louis XVI calls a meeting of the Estates General (French parliament)
necessary b/c of the financial crisis

7. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 2
June
The 3rd Estate wanted each representative to have a vote
King liked the current system: NO change
The Third Estate called itself the National Assembly and drafted a constitution

8. The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head!
Clergy
1st Estate
300
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate

9. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 3
June
Tennis Court Oath
Oath to meet until constitution is produced

10. “The Third Estate Awakens”
They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly”
June 20, 1789
“The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David

11. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 4
July
Parisian Mob storms the Bastille
Why is this important?
1. Royal authority in Paris has collapsed
2. National Assembly is given time
3. Popular uprisings all over France

12. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789
A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.

13. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 5
August 26, 1789
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Liberty!
Property!
Resistance to oppression!
Equal rights under the law for all men

14. The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.
The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.
Citizen!

15. The Beginning of the French Revolution- Step 6
1790
Church Reforms
1. Clergy ELECTED by the people
2. National Assembly seized Church lands and sold them

16. The French Revolution Phase 2: 1792-1794 “Radical” Phase
Special Fonts:
Biblo Display
Black Chancery
Davys Other Wingdings
Edwardian Script ITC
Even More Dings JL
Nosferatu
Press Writer Symbols
Skullz

17. Radical French Rev.- Step 1
1792: Power transfer from the National Assembly to the Paris Commune
Radical group “Sans-Culottes”
1. Captured King Louis
2. Massive Arrests and massacres
- supporters of King Louis
3. Called for a National Convention for universal male suffrage

18. The Sans-Culottes: The Parisian Working Class
Small shopkeepers.
Tradesmen.
Artisans.
They shared many of the ideals of their middle class representatives in government!

19. Radical French Rev.- Step 2
September 1792
National Convention establishes the FRENCH REPUBLIC

20. Radical French Rev.- Step 3
Two Factions within the Nat. Convention
The Girondin- Conservatives outside Paris
The Mountain- Radical Parisians

21. The Politics of the National Convention (1792-1795)
Mountain
Girondin
Power base in Paris.
Support from the sans-culottes.
Paris = center of the Revolution.
WIN!!!
Power base in the provinces.
Feared sans-culottes
Feared Parisian domination of politics.

22. Radical French Rev.- Step 4
January 1793:
Mountains get King Louis XVI beheaded by the Guillotine!!!

24. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

25. Radical French Rev.- Step 5
Spring 1793:
National Convention creates the Committees of Public Safety [CPS]
European powers about to invade (end revolution)
Led by Maximilien Robespierre

26. Radical French Rev.- Step 6:
Robespeirre’s Reign of Terror
Targeted internal “enemies” of the revolution
300,000 arrested.
16,000 – 50,000 executed

27. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible
Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. Let terror be the order of the day!
-- Robespierre

28. Radical French Rev.- Step 7:
De-Christianization
Catholic Church: anti revolution
Church associated w/ “old ways”
Church: superstitious practices - No place in a rational, new FRANCE!!

29. The De-Christianization Program
Features:
The public exercise of religion was banned.
Destroyed religious & royal statues.
The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris now the “Temple of Reason.”
New Calendar system

30. A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806.
Vendemaire
(Vintage)
22 September-21 October
Brumaire
(Fog)
22 October-20 November
Frimaire
(Frost)
21 November-20 December
Nivose
(Snow)
21 December-19 January
Pluviose
(Rain)
20 January-18 February
Ventose
(Wind)
19 February-20 March
Germinal
(Budding)
21 March-19 April
Floreal
(Flowers)
20 April-19 May
Prairial
(Meadows)
20 May-18 June
Messidor
(Harvest)
19 June-18 July
Thermidor
(Heat)
19 July-17 August
Fructidor
(Fruit)
18 August-21 September
A New Republican Calendar Year I
1792 – 1793 II
1793 – 1794
III
1794 – 1795 IV
1795 – 1796 V
1796 – 1797 VI
1797 – 1798
VII
1798 – 1799
VIII
1799 – 1800 IX
1800 – 1801 X
1801 – 1802 XI
1802 – 1803
XII
1803 – 1804
XIII
1804 – 1805
XIV
1805
The Gregorian System returned in 1806.

31. Radical French Rev.- Step 8
Summer of 1794:
Reign of Terror ends
Nat. Convention arrests Robespierre
Robespierre is tried and guillotined!

32. The Arrest of Robespierre

33. Radical French Rev.- Step 9
August of 1795: THE DIRECTORY
New Constitution
1) Legislative Assembly with 2 Chambers
Council of 500 (proposes legislations)
Council of Elders (accepts or rejects laws)
2) Executive Committee
5 members chosen by the Council of Elders
Lead rulers